Protect against tomato leaf mold

According to the survey of vegetable pests and diseases at the Beijing Plant Protection Station, the plant tomato leaf mold disease in the city recently has become more prevalent, with overall low incidence and moderate occurrence in individual greenhouses. The average disease-covering rate in the city was 18.2% (previous month was 10.4%), and the diseased shed averaged 59.5% (4.5% in the previous month) and the highest rate was 100% (28% in the previous month). Most of the sheds are still at the initial stage of disease. Most disease sheds have a disease level of 1; some sheds have a disease level of 2 and individual sheds reach a level of 3, reminding the vegetable farmers to pay attention to strengthening prevention.

Tomato leaf mold commonly known as "black disease", the main damage to the leaves, the first disease from the middle and lower leaves. At the onset of the disease, the front of the leaf appeared an elliptical or irregular chlorotic pale yellow spot with an edge that was not clear, and the back was grayish. After that, the milky yellow to yellow-brown villus layer was formed on the lesion on the back of the leaf, and the late lesion was positive. On the opposite side, a gray-purple or dark-brown villus layer may appear, but it is common on the back of lesions. Under normal conditions, the diseased sheds can reach the highest rate of 60%-80%. Under suitable conditions, the plants can be infected by 100%, and when the disease is severe, the leaves will be dry and the yield will be reduced. Tomato leaf mold fungus like warm and humid, temperature 20 °C -25 °C, relative humidity more than 90% conducive to disease occurrence and increase. The peak of onset is easy to appear in the season from cool to warm or from warm to cold, and the prone period of disease is the fruit setting period.

At present, this city is at the turn of spring and summer, the temperature changes frequently, the tomato planting in spring is in the fruit setting period, according to weather forecast, the average temperature of most parts of the city in the near future is about 20 °C, host conditions and temperature conditions are conducive to The occurrence and damage of tomato leaf mold. Therefore, the plant protection departments throughout the country must monitor the tomato leaf mold disease and timely guide the vegetable production area to carry out prevention and control.

Prevention

Reasonably regulate temperature and humidity, strengthen fertilizer and water management, and create a microclimate environment that is suitable for tomato growth and is not conducive to disease development. Pay close attention to changes in the weather, choose sunny watering in the morning, avoid watery days and rainy days, control watering after onset; adopt formula fertilization, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and increase plant disease resistance.

Pruning and removal of diseased leaves in time. Remove the old leaves to facilitate ventilation; timely removal of diseased leaves, and carry it to the shed to properly handle, reduce bacteria sources and spread.

In the early stage of onset of spraying, pesticides are sprayed on the road to prevent and control the occurrence and development of diseases. Non-stage sheds can be fumigated regularly with sulphur fumigation, or smoked with chlorothalonil smoke agents; at the beginning of the disease, Pythium oligospirillum wettable powder and 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granules can be sprayed; conditional Can be used at room temperature smoke application control.

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