First, the factors that affect the high yield of cotton in saline-alkaline land
1. Seedlings and seedlings are not easily salinized. The concentration of soil solution is too high, which affects the absorption of water and nutrients by seeds. In addition, the temperature of saline-alkali soil in spring rises slowly, which can cause bad seeds. After emergence, it is often subjected to conditions such as low temperature, salinity, and moisture. The impact of this can easily cause old seedlings, slow growth, and even cause dead seedlings.
2. Pre-dysplasia of cotton Due to high saline-alkali content, the absorption capacity of cotton for nutrients is reduced, and organic content in saline-alkali soil is low, and the fertility is low. Soil compaction and weaker growth potential in the early stage of cotton are not conducive to the normal hair growth of high-yielding plant type.
3. Late cotton late-season glutinous greening The saline-alkaline land cotton is highly developed, resulting in a prolonged growth of the cotton plant and an increase in the rate of autumn peaches, which affects the yield and grade of cotton.
Second, high yield cultivation techniques
1. Improve soil, fertilize fertility 1. Autumn tillage and winter tiller, pressure salt and alkaloid discharge can drastically reduce the salt concentration in the surface of the soil through flood irrigation and ploughing. At the same time, strengthen the drainage of drainage and irrigation channels to reduce the groundwater level and prevent secondary diseases. Salinization.
2 Increase organic manure, improve nutrient depletion in saline-alkaline soil, and poor soil fertility. Therefore, improvement of saline-alkali soil should be combined with fertility. Apply more organic fertilizer, promote balanced fertilization techniques, supplement trace elements (such as zinc fertilizer, manganese fertilizer, boron fertilizer, etc.), can effectively improve the soil pellet structure, improve soil permeability, enhance water storage capacity, increase cotton production . For each 667 square meters, 2 to 3 tons of composted organic fertilizer, 15 to 20 kg of diammonium, 20 kg of urea, and 5 kg of potassium sulfate were applied as base fertilizer.
3 After sand mixing and soil plowing, mix 3 to 5 kg of sand per 667 square meters, evenly mixed into the topsoil at the time of site preparation, which helps to press alkali and break the compaction, which is conducive to emergence.
4 The cultivation of green manure heavy saline land, through the cultivation of green manure to improve the soil, can effectively reduce the salinity, fertility and fertility.
5 The use of salinity and alkalinity can significantly reduce the soil salinity. Apply 30% Saline Alkali 1kg per 667m2.
2. The use of short, dense, and early cultivation models for proper close planting can effectively increase the number of fruit branches and the number of bolls, and capture high yields with the advantage of the group. At present, the models that can be promoted in Hejing County are:
11 membrane 4 line shrinkage mode 1.4 to 1.5 meters membrane, membrane up 30+45+30 cm, handover line 50 to 55 cm, plant spacing 9 cm, theoretical density 1.7 to 18,000 strains/667 square meters, actual seedlings 1.5 to 17,000 strains /667 square meters.
21 Membrane 4-line shrink mode 1.4-1.5m membrane, membrane upstream 20+40+20cm, handover line 50-55cm, plant spacing 12.5cm, theoretical density 1.5-16,000/667m2, actual 14,000 seed/667g More than square meters.
3 narrow film 1 film 3 lines mode 90 cm film, film up 25 +25 cm, transfer line 50 ~ 55 cm, the theoretical density of 1.5 to 16,000 / 667 square meters, the actual Liu Miao 1.5 to 170,000 / 667 square meters.
3. Select excellent varieties to choose salt-tolerant varieties suitable for dwarf cultivation, such as Xinluza 8th, Xinluzao 9, Xinluzao No. 10, Xinluzao No. 13 and Zhongmianchu No. 36, etc. Saline-alkali land cultivation has a good yield.
4. Properly sowing saline-alkali soil in spring is cool, the ground temperature is low 1～2°C, sowing should be timely timely sowing, the sowing volume should be slightly increased, the sowing depth is also increased appropriately, which will help to increase the emergence rate.
5. To strengthen the management of field management in the early stage should be based on "promotion" and promote early-onset seedlings. Management in the middle and later stages should be dominated by "control" to prevent late-mature marriages. The main measures are:
1Industrial tillage and cultivating can not only eliminate compaction, increase ground temperature, facilitate the normal growth of cotton plants, but also cut off the soil capillary, control the evaporation of salt in the lower layer, and suppress the salt back to alkali. Promote seedlings before cultivator.
2 Strengthen fertilizer and water management, promote seedling early-onset If the cotton field is not dry, under normal circumstances, see flowers or see peach topping water, about in early July, after 10 to 15 days and then pouring water, saline land is generally only poured 1 to 2 water .
3 rational control from the bud stage to carry out multiple chemical control, the previous period to be lightly controlled, can be used 1 ~ 1.5 g / 667 square meters re-mastering 1 times, the specific number of sprays and dosage can be based on the weather, fertility, cotton growth It is determined that the height of the cotton plant is preferably 50-60 cm.
4 Water control 1 to 2 times of saline-alkali water, stop water before the end of July.
5 Invalid flower buds In early August, with Da Lei as the boundary, after August 10th, with flowers as the boundary, artificially remove ineffective buds, promote ventilation and light in the fields, reduce the consumption of nourishment nutrients, reduce Qiu Tao, and increase boll weight.
6 Strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases Strengthen the forecast and forecast of pests and diseases, combine agricultural control, biological control, and physical control. In the early stage of cotton aphid, spot picking, yellow trapping and other methods are used, and large areas should not be used for spraying. Prevention and control of cotton bollworm by the use of planting corn traps, Yang Zhi to attract moths and other measures, can play a cost-saving purpose. Use chemical precautions to take care of rotation and avoid drug resistance.
Author unit: Hejing County Agricultural Technology Station
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