OPSI/CMS analysis: Direct screening of cocaine on paper currency

In this report, we present a straightforward and rapid screening technique for detecting cocaine traces on paper currency using the Touch Express Open Port Sampling Interface (OPSI) on the Advion expression Compact Mass Spectrometer (CMS). --- ### **1. Introduction** Cocaine, a widely abused illicit substance globally, continues to pose significant public health challenges. Studies have consistently shown that U.S. paper currency in circulation is frequently contaminated with cocaine. This contamination may arise from various sources such as handling during drug transactions, usage as a snorting tool, or cross-contamination during circulation. Traditional methods for analyzing cocaine on currency—such as HPLC/UV, GC/MS, or LC-MS/MS—require extensive sample preparation, which can be both time-consuming and labor-intensive. Herein, we introduce a novel approach utilizing the Advion expression CMS equipped with the Touch Express OPSI for swift and direct detection. --- ### **2. Experimental Setup** All experiments were conducted on an Advion expression CMS system featuring an optimized ESI ion source through the OPSI. The carrier solvent used was methanol containing 0.1% formic acid, delivered at a flow rate of 220 μL/min. Figure 1 provides a schematic representation of the OPSI configuration.  *Figure 1: Schematic of the Advion OPSI/CMS system.* The analysis employed positive ESI with a mass-to-charge (m/z) scan range from 120 to 500 Da. Two specific m/z values—304.2 (protonated cocaine) and 182 (a major fragment)—were targeted, with their ratio expected to fall within 1.0 ± 0.1 for confirmation. Forty-nine paper bills from different countries, including the United States, European Union, Australia, Canada, and China, were examined. No sample preparation was necessary for direct surface analysis via the OPSI. --- ### **3. Results** The target areas were sampled by contacting the solvent meniscus on the OPSI with the paper currency for approximately five seconds. This process allowed for the acquisition of mass spectra within just 30 seconds. As summarized in Table 1, cocaine was successfully detected on five U.S. $1 bills, one U.S. $10 bill, and one €5 Euro note. The €5 note exhibited the least contamination among all tested bills, while two of the U.S. $1 bills showed the highest levels of cocaine. One U.S. $1 bill even displayed a higher concentration than the cocaine standard used in the study (Figure 3A). Interestingly, no cocaine was detected on any of the Chinese currency bills, nor on a freshly issued U.S. $2 bill sourced directly from a local bank (Figure 3D). --- ### **4. Discussion** Figure 4 illustrates a comparison of the mass spectra of a U.S. $1 bill against a cocaine standard (0.3 ng). The U.S. $1 bill yielded approximately four times the mass spectrometric response compared to the cocaine standard. This response originated from an area of roughly 20 mm² that was touched by the solvent for about five seconds at the OPSI port. The m/z ratios of 182.0 (cocaine fragment) and 304.1 (protonated cocaine) served as additional confirmation markers for cocaine presence. Furthermore, comparing the mass spectra of samples with a known cocaine standard facilitated the estimation of cocaine concentrations in unknown samples. This OPSI-ESI-CMS method offers a simple yet effective solution for the direct detection, confirmation, and relative quantification of cocaine on paper currency. Given the compact design of the Advion expression CMS, this system is highly portable and suitable for field investigations. --- ### **5. Conclusion** The Advion Touch Express OPSI/CMS system presents numerous advantages for analyzing cocaine contamination on currency: - **Ease of Use:** Simple and reliable operation without moving parts. - **Speed:** Results available in mere seconds. - **Efficiency:** No need for sample preparation. - **Hygiene:** Self-cleaning sampling port prevents cross-contamination. For those interested in learning more about our products or seeking technical support, feel free to reach out. Follow us on LinkedIn for the latest updates. --- #### **References** (1) Drug contamination of US paper currency, Amanda Jenkins, *Forensic Science International*, 2001, 121, 189-193. (2) An open port sampling interface for liquid introduction atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry, Gary J. Van Berkel and Vilmos Kertész, *Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry*, 2015, 29, 1749–1756. --- ### **Know More:** - Explore our product offerings, including puriFlash® purification systems, Plate Express, Expressression CMS, and Touch Express – OPSI. - Contact us for personalized technical assistance or quotes. - Stay updated on our developments by following us on LinkedIn.

Iridology Camera Health Analyzer

Iris Iriscope Iridology Camera:

Iris holographic diagnostics is a kind of knowledge that applies non-drug and natural therapy to analyze and care for the body by analyzing the iris and pupil to analyze and regulate the health condition of the body. In the field of health medicine, it is called non-invasive health testing and non-drug health intervention. It is a traditional clinical health medicine in Europe.

Iris holographic diagnostics is a diagnostic science of health problems. It belongs to the category of predictive medicine. Based on morphology, it can predict the health status of human body, the occurrence of diseases and the process of physical rehabilitation by observing, analyzing and inferring the changes of iris morphology of human eyes.

Iris Iriscope Iridology Camera System Functions:

1. Adjust brightness through either software or switch on handle line, delete the photos, and adjust the focus, quick fixed photos with white balance and high stability of colors. Connects directly with computer without outside power and easy to operate.

2. The software can save the client information and irises also the details of products that you recommend them. After taken the photos, you can analysis the irises and later compare the irises pictures when your client comes back to see their progress. Can print an analysis report. Save the photos according to the date & time you take the photos.3. This machine will help the client know his health condition, including the problem which you have had in the past. The Iridology will be your health counselor, tell you how to keep away from the illness.

Iris Iriscope Iridology Camera Specification:

* Nice appearance and innovative design
* LED illuminator around lens
* Imported lens with plated layer
* 12MP high resolution CCD sensor
* Special DSP image processor, Optical Image Stabilizer
* Single capture button and digital pause capture.
* Adjustable focus to give clear image.
* Auto white balance and contrast adjustment, Color Temperature Filter
* Compatible with iris lens, hair lens.
* Deliver clear and accurate images.
* Easy to operate.
* OS: Windows XP, WIN2000, 2003, Vista, Win7. Win8,win 10

What is the primary benefit of photo iridology?

Not only does it bring clues to your iridology analysis, but it helps to create a better connection with your patient. The patient, who`s naturally curious, is eager to see their own iris. With some simple explanations they can get a basic understanding of your analysis. The connection with your patient strengthens and their understanding of their process improves.

* Iris analysis system: international technology, unique functions.
* Iris analysis system is a medicinal tool that checks the body conditions and prevents diseases from occurring.
* We brought in the advanced iris analysis technology from Germany to lead people to discover sources of illness, and care the body health and spirit in anyways.
* The instrument can show the body conditions of customers and suggest customers the suitable health food, and the plans to care their bodies.

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Shenzhen Suyzeko Limited. , https://www.nirlighttherapy.com