Grass carp is an important freshwater economic fish in China, and it is one of the “Four Home Fishes†in freshwater aquaculture. It is deeply loved by consumers because of its delicious meat. The use of ponds to raise grass and fish is simple, low-cost, low-cost, fast-growing, large-scale, high-efficiency, and easy-to-manage. It is a good project for farmers to improve economic efficiency. This issue introduces a group of grass carp daily management techniques for farmers' reference.
1, pond stocking environment
The pond is required to be far away from the source of pollution, with an area of ​​5 to 10 mu. The bottom of the pool is flat, and the bottom soil is preferably loam. A slight leakage is preferred. The sediment is 10 to 20 cm and the water depth is about 2 meters. Pond water quality requires a pH of 7.5 to 8.5. The transparency of the pool water is maintained at about 30 cm, and the oxygen consumption of organic matter is 18 to 20 mg per liter. Each pond should be equipped with a 3-kilowatt impeller-type aeration machine and a 4-inch water pump in order to change the water and oxygen in time. The new water should be added to the pond at a proper time, and the water quality should be gradually adjusted and controlled by means of “small rows of small advances and multiple changes of waterâ€, and oxygen should be increased in advance on a cloudy day.
Grass carp itself has many diseases and epidemics are more likely to occur in ponds. In order to eliminate trash fish and reduce the cost of feeding, clear ponds should be disinfected. The specific approach is in the case of dry ponds, that is, when the pool water is 5 to 10 cm, the mu will be splashed with 100 kg of lime slurry in Quanchipi, or the mu will be splashed with 10 kg of bleached warm water to dissolve in the whole pool, so that no dead corners are left. Completely kill pathogenic bacteria.
Since the grass carp hemorrhage and enteritis are both susceptible to the current year's fish species, the 2 seedlings should be selected as the seedlings. The golden color should be selected, the appearance is not hurt, the lively and robust, the individuals weighing about 100 grams, enter the pool. Before paying attention to body surface disinfection. Generally 800 to 1000 acres of stocking, with individual specifications for 250 to 500 grams of 100 species of carp fish, do not match or less with carp, to avoid eating grass carp.
2, daily feeding management
Grass carp can be domesticated and fed 2 to 3 days after its release, and feeding should be combined with fine and green materials. Concentrate feeds pellets using a feeding machine. The feed protein content is between 28% and 32%. The open bait (small grain bait, crushing material) is fed twice a day, in the morning and in the afternoon, and the feeding time is determined according to the feeding and feeding conditions of the fish. Usually, every half hour to 1 hour, the feeding amount and interval time can be adjusted. . Secondary feeding green feed, green feed should be fed early, generally fed duckweed. The green material is directly fed into the pond, but it is also necessary to use a bamboo raft for a place. When the food is almost enough, it can be returned to the river for feeding.
The feed feed follows the principles of “pre-coarse and fine post-harvest†and “four-set and four-seeâ€. The daily feed volume is 3% to 5% of the total weight of the fish body, and it is fed 3 to 4 times per day, each time feeding 0.5 to 1 Hours, finished within 2 hours, grass carp fed 80% full, most of the fish to eat full walk. Feed formula is 50% rice straw, 25% rice bran, 25% soybean cake, and 10 kg of flour waste is added as a binder for each 100 kg of the above mixture. The crude protein content of feed is 23.35%, and the feed coefficient is 2.8. The tail is about 0.05 kg. Also available are straw 50%, rice bran 22.5%, bran 5%, bean cake 15%, fish meal 5%, bone meal 1%, table salt 0.5%, vitamin additive 1%, feed crude protein content 18.78%, feed coefficient 2.4.
Feeding takes a small cast and throws a second sprinkle after eating. When the fish is not intensely fed, a small amount can be thrown slowly so that the weaker fish can also eat feed to ensure a balanced growth. After feeding the pellet feed continuously for a period of time, the pellet feed should be stopped for feeding for 1 week and the raw grain feed should be fed within the interval. Usually pay attention to the right amount of vitamins and other drugs in the feed to avoid grass carp diseases such as liver and gallbladder syndrome and cause massive deaths. Grass carp grows fastest when the water temperature is between 25°C and 30°C. It should increase the amount of feeding, reduce feeding or stop feeding when it is rainy, sweltering, thundery and other bad weather. Green feed can be sterilized with 1% bleach every night after feeding. One time, the amount of feed was based on the second day of non-remaining grass.
3, breeding management skills
New fish for grass carp breeding should be selected from 4 to 5 years of age, body weight of 5 kg or more, a healthy, good body, fast growth, no injuries and illness of the fish, into the water depth of 1.5 to 2.5 meters, an area of ​​2 to 4 acres of pro Fish pond cultivation. It is advisable to store 100-125 kilograms of broodstock per acre, generally 6 to 8 kilograms of broodstock with 15 to 27 tails, and female and male ratios of 1:1.5 are good. Can take the bred broodstock 5 to 10 tail, brood broodstock 1 to 2 tail, snail within the pool for a long time, but also can raise 2 to 3 tail herring. Broodstock should be strengthened, especially in spring (from March to spawning).
It should be fed with green material, properly feed concentrate, feed lettuce leaves, cabbage leaves, etc., and can feed grain or malt. Every 5 to 7 days, new water is injected once, each time adding 3 to 6 cm of water, 1 to 2 weeks before birth, water injection should be performed every other day to strengthen the flow of water to stimulate the gonadal development and maturation. Mature broodstock, light pressure on the abdomen, the gonads can be extruded eggs or semen. Mature broodstock can be injected into the pituitary gland, human chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and analogues such as oxytocin, promoting its estrus and spawning, spawning pool oestrus natural spawning, artificial insemination can also be used. The collected fertilized eggs can be hatched in a hatching container. The hatching density increases or decreases with the container. Generally, 1 million eggs are laid per cubic meter. After about 20 to 32 hours, the eggs can be stripped off. It will also be different. Generally 3 to 5 days after the film is removed, the yolk sac of the fry disappears, and the larvae can inflate out of the hatching tank.
4. Strengthen disease prevention and treatment
Fish species should be disinfected with salt water prior to stocking, inactivated grass carp “three major bacterial diseases†inactivated vaccine and grass carp hemorrhagic disease inactivated vaccine, regularly disinfected and prevented disease, once every 10 days or so fish and other herbal medicine baits are fed once , feed 3 to 5 days to prevent bacterial fish disease.
Feeding duckweed and other green feeds back from the river, but has not been strictly sterilized, it is inevitable with many bacteria, such as feeding too much will have enteritis disease, gill disease. Prevention can be done with bleaching powder once every 10 days for Quanchiposa, with a dose of 1 to 2 kg per mu per meter of water depth. During the high incidence of fish diseases, copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate mixture are used to disinfect and sterilize. It is 0.7 international units, in which the ratio of copper sulfate to ferrous sulfate is 5:2. If there has been erythroderma, gill disease, enteritis disease, the treatment is usually combined with oral administration and external splash. Exfoliation is mainly based on bleach, chlorine dioxide and other disinfectants, and used for 3 days. Oral use of "three yellow powder" bait effect is better, every 50 kg of fish weight with three yellow powder (rhubarb 50%, Cork 30%, 20% jaundice crushed into powder after mixing) 0.3 kg mixed with flour paste and stir Feed in feed and use it for 3 to 5 days.
In order to prevent the occurrence of hepatobiliary syndrome of grass carp, the method of "pre-coarse, fine, and sophisticated" was used to feed, and it was also possible to add probiotics such as Baoganing, vitamins, and Qianggan bulk to the feed for prevention. If the fish is in the attack stage, stop feeding green feed.
To prevent parasites such as trichoderma, we must use trichlorfon, net wheels, and wheel nemesis. When they occur, they should be used strictly in accordance with the instructions on the dosage, and should not be arbitrarily increased, otherwise it is easy to form drug resistance.
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