Influencing factors
1, species selection
Inbred strains are degenerated and degraded. Parental seeds have poor quality, low purity, and poor individual development, which reduces the yield of hybrids; the effects of seed internal factors, such as the deterioration of physiological function, metabolic disorders, and in-transport system disorders, cause No ear, affecting yield.
2, soil fertility
Field plots have poor fertility, low organic matter content, imbalance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, lack of boron and zinc fertilizers, and insufficient topdressing, which results in slow development of the ears, failure of normal pollination, and increase of empty culm rate.
3, cultivation density
When the planting density is too large, the plants are shielded from each other, resulting in poor development of the female silk filaments and poor pollination, resulting in reduced yields.
4, pest damage
More pests and diseases of corn, especially large (small) spot disease, smut, corn borer, leafhopper, etc., destroy the female ear tissue, consume nutrients in the plant, affect the development of the ear, reduce production.
5. Climate factors
Excessive rainfall, poor ventilation and light transmission, dry hot air or cold chilling in the middle period, heading is not timely, affect or inhibit young panicle differentiation, resulting in reduced production.
Treatment measures
1, species selection
Select varieties with good yield, great potential for yield increase, good quality, strong resistance, wide adaptability and compactness. The main planting varieties in the northern Xinjiang are Xinyu 18, Denghai 9, SC-704 and Nongda 108. the Lord.
2, seed processing
Before sowing, seed coating and drying seeds are used, and 1:1000 seed dressing with carbendazim powder to prevent pests and diseases.
3, sowing time
The sowing date must be determined according to the local climate data and meteorological disasters. The corn mulching and pollination period should be arranged before the drought. The corn mulching, seedling transplanting and sowing date 10 to 15 days ahead of conventional planting, transplanting It is advisable to avoid the local frost during the emergence period of mulching corn. During the suitable sowing period, grab the early sowing and make full use of the favorable climatic conditions in late spring and early summer to avoid the drought. The temperature in our district is low in the early period, and the growth in the aboveground is slow. The seedlings are easy to grow strong and can increase the drought resistance. Early timely sowing can also extend the growth period, increase the accumulation of nutrients, and create conditions for large spikes, multiple grains, full grain, and increased grain weight.
4, fertilizer and water management
Fertilize according to the formula, skillfully apply potash fertilizer, supplement boron fertilizer, zinc and other trace fertilizers, topdressing the seedlings with light fertilizer, skillfully applying joint fertilizers, reapplying panicle fertilizers, and applying granulation fertilizers. When the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in the basal fertilizers are insufficient, they are appropriately increased during the jointing stage or the big bell-mouth period. The jointing period of 667 square meters of corn is 10 kg of urea, and the field water capacity is maintained at 65%-70%. In the large bell mouth period of 667 square meters of urea 10 ~ 15 kg, daytime water retention at 70% to 80%, such as soil water retention below this level, timely irrigation. In the pollination stage of Yanghua pollination, 667 square meters chase 5 kg of urea. The plant growth regulators were applied to the foliage of corn during the growth period to prolong the functional period of the leaves, promote roots and stalks, and meet the demand of spike differentiation on nutrients.
5, planting density
The planting density of corn was determined according to factors such as soil fertility, fertilization level, variety characteristics, and cultivation level. For varieties with medium-late-maturing, longer-growing, and large panicle types, 3,800 to 4,000 plants should be reserved at 667 square meters; medium-early-maturing, short-growing, and spikelet-type varieties, 667 square meters retain 4,200 to 4,500 plants. should. In determining the density, the density of the same species should not only fully consider the plant type structure, but also consider the sowing date, the level of soil fertility in the planted plots, the fertile fields should be thin, the thin fields should be dense, suit measures to local conditions, and be flexible.
6, field management measures
Maize seedlings grow to 3 leaf time seedlings, and between the crowded seedlings, weak seedlings and diseased seedlings. Corn seedlings grow to 5 leaves when the seedling density of seedlings according to the reservation, so that weak to stay strong, to stay small, and strive to Miao Qi Miao uniform, seedlings full Miao Zhuang. Do a good job of cultivating and weeding, and conduct monitoring of diseases and pests. The main point is prevention and control of plots, and generalized prevention is forbidden. Droppings and spraying methods are used for the occurrence of insect pests, and the control effect is obvious. Carbofuran granules of 1,5 to 2 kg per sand and 15 to 20 kg of fine slag are used for every 667 square meters, and evenly spread in corn leaves.
Before flowering, it can be sterilized. If the leaves are too long, the top 3 to 7 cm can be cut off. At the same time, in sunny mornings, after drying, use pollen or shake method to pollinate every 2 to 3 days. For 2 to 3 consecutive times, the chance of pollination can be increased and the fullness of the ears can be promoted. In the middle and late stages of corn silk, the stems between the first and second leaves in the upper part are lightly folded so as not to be broken. For moderation, increase the chance of pollination.
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