Polygonatum chinensis can also be called Nanhuangjing, Shanjiang, Wild Ginger and Huangjing. It is a perennial herb of the genus Liliaceae, mainly distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, etc. However, the medicinal efficacy of Rhizoma Polygonatum has been paid more and more attention by people, the market demand is getting bigger and bigger, and the planting prospects are broad. Therefore, today Xiaobian talks about the standardized cultivation techniques and pest control points of Hunan multi-flower yellow essence.
First, the conditions of production
Multi-flowered yellow essence is often born in the damp mountain shrubs and forest edge grass; Xiyin, the light requirements are high, the planting degree under the forest is 0.4~0.6, the field planting needs to be shaded, and the shading net transmittance is 0.4~0.5. The growth temperature is 20~25°C, and the night temperature is 15°C～20°C. The soil is loose and fertile, the soil layer is deep, and the yellow loam with pH value 5.5~7.0 is suitable; the water requirement is high, afraid of drought, Afraid of sputum, requires sufficient water supply, convenient drainage and irrigation; there is no industrial exhaust gas emission near the atmosphere.
Second, cultivation techniques
1. Land selection and land preparation
Multi-flowered yellow essence planting is a new land reclamation site, and it is advisable to choose a deep forest area or a forest edge zone with deep soil layer, humus and high transparency. On the planting land, first apply the fermented farmyard manure 2 000~2 500kg/667 m 2+ superphosphate 25 kg/667 m 2 , then plow 25~30cm deep, and open 40~60 cm drainage ditch around the flat land.
2, selection and cultivation
(1) Stem selection: Choose 3~4 a or more roots and stems that are free of pests and diseases, no damage, and good heads. Cut the stems of the buds into 3 to 4 sections and apply the ash to the wound.
(2) Stem treatment: Before sowing, the seed stalks should be selected with carbendazim wettable powder or agricultural streptomycin or methyl thiophanate and other fungicides 800~1 200 times for 15-30 minutes, then remove and dry. Dried, dried stems are spread in the sun for 1~2 days and then planted.
(3) Cultivation: Huang Jing can be sown before emergence in March of the previous year from September to the second year of planting. When planting, the row spacing is 35~40 cm, the plant spacing is 15~20cm, the planting depth is 8~10 cm, planting After the cover soil is 5~8 cm, the planting time is best in September-October.
(4) Coverage: Covering the surface of the flowering yellow sapling with straw or other thatch (3~5 cm), this can increase the soil organic matter and play a role in preventing grass and moisturizing.
3. Field management
(1) cultivating and weeding: cultivating and weeding soil according to soil moisture in April-November of each year, shallow hoeing during cultivating, avoiding injury to the rhizome of huangjing.
(2) Fertilizer and water management: watering should be timely watering to keep the soil moist; in the rainy season, the ditch should be drained in time, and it should not be flooded during irrigation; (N: 46%) dominated, 10~15 kg/667 m 2 was applied before the rain. In May, the yellow buds were picked and applied to the buds. In July, they entered the rhizome expansion period, combined with cultivating and weeding, timely supplementing the root fertilizer. Both of them are applied with ternary compound fertilizer (N: P 2 O 5 : K 2 SO 4 = 15 : 15 : 15) 25~30 kg/667 m 2 ; Re-application of winter fertilizer, fertilization with organic fertilizer, fertilized farmyard manure 1 000 ~ 1 500 kg / 667 m 2+ superphosphate 50 kg / 667 m 2+ cake fertilizer 50 kg / 667 m 2 .
(3) Shading: more flowers and yellow essences are more pleasantly shaded. In April, when the light is enhanced, artificial shading should be carried out. The light transmittance is 30%~40% of the shade net to build the shade shelter, and the surrounding is ventilated.
(4) Sparse flower buds: flowering makes reproductive growth strong and consumes a lot of nutrients. Therefore, it is removed in time before flower bud formation, reducing reproductive growth and promoting nutrient accumulation to underground rhizomes. When more flowers bloom in April-May, All flower buds can be removed.
(5) Retention: Select plants that are tall, tidy, and free from pests and diseases. After the seeds mature in September-October, the seeds are harvested, and the planted water collected is soaked, the seeds that are floating on the top are removed, and then the water is drained and dried, and stored in a net bag for storage.
4. Pest control
(1) Agricultural control: Select the rhizome of Rhizoma Polygonatum with strong disease resistance and no pests and diseases; clean up the sick plants and litter in time; timely and accurately predict and prevent the disease.
(2) Physical control of pests: In the April-July period, a frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp or a yellow plate sticky insect plate was installed in the Huangjing field for prevention and control.
Table 1 List of main pests and diseases control agents and methods of use
(3) Chemical control of pests and diseases: When using Pesticides to control pests and diseases, the use of pesticides should meet the requirements of “Safety Standards for the Use of Pesticidesâ€, “Guidelines for the Rational Use of Pesticides†and “Guidelines for the Quality Management of Chinese Herbal Medicines (Trial)â€. See Table 1 for the common pest and disease control methods of Rhododendron chinense.
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