Malformed ear is very common in corn production. Herbicide and dwarfing agent are applied in large amount, improper period, causing phytotoxicity; booting stage is affected by dwarfing agent and de-fertilization; flowering pollination period encounters high temperature and drought, heavy rainfall and locust Hazards, etc., can cause different degrees of deformity of the ear, what are the common deformed ears? Let's take a look.
Let you quickly understand the deformed spikes of cornfields:
Bald
Symptoms: There is little or no grain at the tip of the ear 3-5 cm. Spike tip kernels are involved in abortion and milk abortion, usually associated with poor top fertilization. The main symptom of poor fertilization and abortion is dry atrophy, but grain abortion usually has a yellowish grain.
Cause: The grain is affected by environmental stress in the early stage of development, including: severe drought and high temperature, nitrogen deficiency, leaf disease and cloudy weather.
2. lack of grain
Symptoms: There are few kernels, and only a few kernels complete pollination. In severe cases, the ears have only scattered or insignificant grain distribution.
Cause: Due to drought and high temperature, the filament is blocked and the pollen falls off, resulting in poor pollination of the ear; due to uneven crop growth, herbicide damage, insect bite and filament damage, the pollen supply is insufficient; phosphorus deficiency also affects pollination .
3. Grain is not grouted
Symptoms: Some corn kernels are an empty shell with only the epidermis.
Reason: The high temperature and drought during pollination lead to incomplete fertilization, only the normal fertilization of the embryo is completed, and the endosperm is not fertilized.
4. Twisted ear (also known as beer bottle ear)
Symptoms: The number of rows of ears is reduced by half (possibly only 7-8 rows), but the length of the ears is normal.
Reason: 7-10 leaves are caused by external pressure, and the ears of corn are paired to form the number of ear rows, if during this period the whole field is sprayed with a lactic acid synthesis inhibitor or a sulfonylurea herbicide (such as "noise" Sulfonamide), especially when mixed with organophosphorus pesticides, disturbs ear differentiation and leads to the lack of differentiation of ear rows.
5. Blunt spikes (also known as beer ear)
Symptoms: The size of the ear and the number of grains per row were significantly reduced. The length of the temporal lobe and the number of ear rows were normal. Sometimes the number of spikes on one stem section increased, and it was rare or sporadic in the field.
Reason: During the formation of the ear (8-12 leaves), the apical cell division tissue of the ear is damaged, such as insect bites, drought, low temperature or lack of nutrients, which inhibits the longitudinal elongation.
6. Drought panicle
Symptoms: There are fewer spikes, especially the tip of the ear, which reduces the number of kernels and reduces the number of rows and the number of rows.
Reason: In the middle of vegetative growth to the middle of grain filling, it is affected by severe drought. In addition, nitrogen deficiency and high density can also cause such ear.
7. Dried sorghum
Symptoms: The seeds are dry and the ears are floating; the grains are not full; there are obvious gaps between the grains.
Reasons: from waxy to maturity, severe stress (photosynthetic pressure), including: freezing damage and premature aging, premature aging mainly due to drought, high density, leaf disease, potassium deficiency and hail.
8. Zipper ear (also called banana ear)
Symptoms: Loss of whole grains due to abortion; some ears are bent due to different grain arrangements (like bananas).
Cause: Usually associated with severe drought or leaf damage after pollination.
9. stagnation ear (also known as empty spike)
Symptoms: The base of the ear is normally developed and has sparse grain, but the development from the top to the tip of the ear stops early, and there is almost no grain.
Reason: Spraying large doses of nonionic surfactants (such as silicones, emulsifiers, etc.) during the 12-14 stretches of the leaves before the corn is drawn, causes obstacles in the developing ear cells.
10. Tassels
Symptoms: Ears grow on tassels.
Reason: When the growth point of the tiller is damaged, or the hail, frost, flood, herbicide, mechanical damage, etc. can form male ears. Under certain environmental conditions, some species are more prone to tillering, the chance of forming male ears is increased, and the male ear is more likely to form on the ground, which is also related to the ground compaction and saturated soil.
11. A multi-ear (also called bouquet ear)
Symptoms: It is typically characterized by a number of ears on a stalk, sometimes 5-6 ears, similar to a bouquet, and the ear may develop better, or it may develop into a beer ear or a few ears.
Reason: This ear is most likely due to late flowering or lack of pollen. Dr. Bob Nielsen of Purdue University in the United States found that when the filaments on the ears are bitten by the pests, the amount of pollen that can be received is greatly reduced, resulting in severe clusters of spikes, so it is necessary to control the panicle pests in time.
12. Barbell spikes
Symptoms: The base and apex of the ear of corn are normally developed, and the central part is abnormally developed with no grain.
Reason: Varieties with sweet corn genetics are likely to occur when low temperatures are encountered during ear formation.
13. Palm spikes (also known as empty spikes)
Symptoms: The top of the ear is flat, and the middle of the ear begins to divide several ears, like a claw.
Reason: Hybrids with a sweet corn gene have a high probability of developing such a spike once they encounter a low temperature barrier during the ear formation phase.
14. Grain red line
Symptoms: Red lines are distributed on both sides of the grain and extend to the top, usually at the top of the ear.
Reason: In the late pollination, if it encounters a low temperature environment, it is easy to appear; in addition, there is a difference between the varieties due to the warm-light reaction.
15. Spike
Symptoms: When the corn is not harvested, the kernel begins to sprout and is often accompanied by ear rot.
Reason: The varieties of eucalyptus leaves are tight and short, and the rain is relatively large in the later stage, infiltrating into the ears, high temperature and high humidity are suitable for grain germination; partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. (Agricultural News)
This article URL: What are the symptoms and causes of corn malformation?
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