As people's lives improve, people pay more and more attention to food safety issues. Green pollution-free vegetables seem to be more in line with the needs of the public, and the market prospects are very broad. Next, explore the cultivation methods of green vegetables.
First, the basic elements of high-yield vegetable cultivation
1 Choose the right soil
In order to cultivate high-yield vegetables, the choice of soil is critical. The soil is selected according to the vegetables to be grown, and the fertility of the soil is appropriately increased according to the demand for sunlight and moisture during the growth of the vegetables.
2 Choose high quality vegetable varieties
Vegetable varieties are very important for their high yield. Vegetable varieties with relatively good quality vegetable varieties are stronger in their ability to combat natural disasters and pests and diseases. Therefore, according to the soil and climatic conditions of vegetable growing areas, it is very important to select suitable high-quality vegetable varieties for high-yield vegetable cultivation.
3 Cultivation of high quality vegetable seedlings
The cultivation of high-quality vegetable seedlings has a icing on the cake for high-yield cultivation of vegetables, but the process of seedling cultivation is not only complicated, but also the technical requirements are very high. The technical points of seedling cultivation have five parts: before cultivation, the seed treatment should be done well, and the seeds should be disinfected and basically treated by means of soaking seeds with trace elements and low temperature treatment, followed by seed germination work; The soil of the bed soil and the nutrient bauxite is high, and the soil contains a large amount of decomposed organic matter. In addition, the soil of the field, the manure of the livestock, the soil ash and the sand should be reasonably matched; the humidity and temperature management in the greenhouse are strengthened to ensure the seedbed. The soil is suitable for seed development; nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizers should be used during the seedling period; 2 to 3 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 2 times of boric acid and zinc sulfate should be sprayed during the seedling period; and the seedlings should be started 7 to 10 days before planting. .
4 Rational use of fertilizer
According to the fertility of the soil and the growth of vegetables, the rational use of chemical fertilizer can increase the yield of vegetables to a certain extent, but it is necessary to grasp the dosage, otherwise it will affect the yield and quality of vegetables.
5 Adjust the plant in time
In the process of planting vegetables, it is necessary to adjust the plants for vegetables, and to improve the yield and quality of vegetables by adjusting the stems and leaves of vegetables, the growth space and the distribution of fruits. Plant adjustment, first of all to be familiar with the plant characteristics, growth status of the planted vegetables, and then through the bridge, pruning, topping, fruit thinning, threshing, pressing vines and other means to adjust the plant, in order to achieve the purpose of high vegetable output value.
Second, control the amount of irrigation water and irrigation times
During the cultivation of vegetables, reasonable irrigation and irrigation times can promote the growth of vegetables. When planting, if the climate is relatively dry, the number of irrigations and irrigation should be increased; if the climate is humid, the number of irrigations and irrigation should be moderately reduced. Before irrigating, analyze the growth characteristics of vegetables, and develop appropriate irrigation schemes to adjust the number of irrigations to grow the demand for water.
Third, control the humidity and temperature of vegetable growth
Scientific and reasonable control of the humidity and temperature during the growth of vegetables is conducive to the efficient planting of vegetables. According to the soil and climatic environment of the vegetables, real-time monitoring can be carried out by controlling the humidity and temperature of the vegetables by means of atomized water spraying, so as to promote the growth of vegetables.
Fourth, do a good job in pest control
1 Agricultural control
In the vegetable growing area, the seeding area and the disease-free stocking area can be established, and in the selection of vegetable varieties, the anti-viral vegetable varieties suitable for the local growing environment are preferentially selected, and the soil is scientifically treated in the non-planting season. Deeply turn the soil and keep the vegetable fields clean. Scientific and rational fertilization, reasonable arrangement of planting quantity and density, strengthening of soil disinfection, and removal of weeds in vegetable fields. In the process of growing vegetables, it is necessary to adopt reasonable cultivation and rotation methods, and at the same time improve the management system of vegetable growing areas. For example, on the same piece of land, it is necessary to rotate the cultivation of eggplant fruits and vegetables and melons in turn, and to grow vegetables in time. Clean it to prevent the erosion of vegetables by pests and diseases, and to ensure the high quality and high yield of vegetables.
2 Biological control
Biological control is mainly based on the characteristics of pests and pathogenic bacteria. It is preferred to choose non-residual and non-polluting drugs that will not cause harm to crops and human body. Preventive work should be done before pests and diseases occur. Strengthen the biological control of vegetables, and use various microorganisms and fungi to effectively control pests and diseases, such as the use of Bacillus thuringiensis for the control of lepidopteran pests, and the use of agricultural streptomycin to control the soft rot of cabbage. Use natural enemies to reduce pests and diseases, and chemical traps on insects, such as using bait to trap underground pests.
3 physical machinery prevention
Physical and mechanical control is through the use of chemical agents, pests and killing and trapping, etc., physical control can be carried out according to the characteristics of pests and diseases, such as disinfection with warm soup soaking, bagging protection of large vegetables, isolation and cultivation of greenhouses. It can also be artificially killed, for example, by using sweet and sour water and high-pressure pump lamps to trap underground pests in vegetable fields.
4 Chemical control
Chemical control generally has a wide range of use, and it has a quick effect, and the effect of prevention and control is more obvious. The use of chemical methods for pest control should pay special attention to the period of spraying chemicals. It should use low-residue, low-toxic pesticides to kill insects. Stop using the pesticide before maturity. In the process of chemical control, it is necessary to do a good job in preventing the chemical damage of surrounding crops. Planters should control the use of chemical drugs.
V. Conclusion
In the development of modern agriculture, vegetable cultivation must not only guarantee high yield, but also pay attention to the quality of vegetables, and use efficient planting methods to achieve high-yield and high-yield vegetables, and provide green, safe and high-quality vegetables for people's lives.
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