After the deer and doe have been mated from September to November each year, the deer enters the winter rest period. Although the deer do not breed in the winter, it is closely related to the velvet and calving of the following year. In the winter, if there is no good feeding and management condition, there will be no summer high yield. Therefore, it is an important part of raising the deer's winter feeding and management to improve the economic benefits of deer and ensure safe and successful wintering. Therefore, according to the experience and practice of the local deer conservation, the author will focus on the introduction of several deer management techniques in the winter as follows.
1 Pay attention to the deer's insulation work deer Although not afraid of cold, but the cold environment will consume a lot of heat in deer body. To increase the body heat to protect the cold, the deer then increased its food intake, resulting in wastage of feed and increased production costs. Young deer and bred deer are sensitive to the temperature of the environment. If the house is too cold, it will not only affect the deer's growth and development, but also cause the deer to have a cold, pneumonia, and even cause death. At present, it has been accepted that the method of raising cattle and raising pigs with warmer loops in various places has been accepted by people. Similarly, deer feeding in warm winters is also an important technical measure. At present, the commonly used insulation measures are: (1) In winter, sawdust can be laid on the ground in the pens. As a litter, the advantage is that it can not only keep warm but also absorb excrement and urine, which is conducive to doing a good job in environmental sanitation. (2) Block the wind walls of the deer house to prevent thieves from invading. (3) After the winter snow, the snow inside and outside the house should be cleaned timely, which can not only keep warm but also prevent the deer from slipping and causing the fracture. (4) Warm drinking water should be provided in the winter, and the remaining water in the tank can be drained in the evening to prevent deer drinking ice water and freezing cracked water tanks. (5) The peasant households may use deer, and may hang grass curtains, draperies, plastic sheets, etc. to keep warm. It is also possible to put several bundles of firewood at the shepherd's gate at night and take it out during the day.
2 Perform manual supplemental lighting (1) Light compensation. The growth of live weight of deer is faster in spring and summer than in autumn and winter (the slowest growth in winter). This natural growth rule extends the deer's maturation time and delays the deer's antler time. If the deer is used for meat, there will be an imbalance in the annual supply of venison, that is, there will be sufficient meat sources in spring and summer, and there will be shortage of meat in autumn and winter. The seasonal growth of deer species is naturally occurring and intrinsic. It has nothing to do with pure feed supply but is related to the length of light. According to the study, it was found that during the whole night of winter, the light was continuously irradiated for 16 hours, followed by 8 hours of darkness, and the light intensity was 250-300 lx (lux). After such a regular treatment for 6 weeks, the deer could be accelerated in the winter and increase productivity. Food intake, accelerating weight gain. (2) The necessity of filling light. In the temperate zone of China, most regions have four distinct seasons, and the short winter sunshine lasts for three to four months. To supplement the light with artificial light, the captive deer has a continuous 16 hours of light. (3) The method of supplementing light. Any kind of electric light can be used as a light source, generally incandescent light bulbs are appropriate, in the height of 1 meter above the ground (not just under the light source), the measured light up to 250 ~ 300lx can be. Normally the lights are turned on after the sun goes down and artificial lighting is added. Turn the lights off when the natural light (daylight) time is added to the work light for 16 hours. If it is overcast or overcast, the light intensity needs to use artificial light instead of sunshine throughout the day. (4) The effect of supplementing artificial lighting: Artificial lighting supplements have been applied to many deer farms in China. According to data reports, the winter fill-up test of Xiaogong Red Deer in that year proved that in the 6-week-old period, the daily weight gain of the experimental group was 330 grams, and that of the control group without artificial light supplement was 152 grams. The group was 2.2 times the control group. At the same time, the feed intake of the deer in the experimental group increased, the feed utilization rate was improved, the deer's coat was bright, and the antler time was advanced by 5 to 10 days. Deer supplemented by artificial light in winter is beneficial to deer and velvet deer, especially for deer growing. It can promote deer maturity, produce antler in advance, and thus increase economic efficiency.
3 After feeding artificial feeds with high-quality feed, due to the increase of deer's feed intake, the deer must provide high-quality and sufficient feed, so as to fully tap the potential of artificial fill light to achieve the purpose of improving production performance. In some deer farms in northern China, corn and silage silage are used to feed deer in winter. This not only fails to meet the demand for feed after supplementing light, but also prone to vitamin deficiency. Therefore, feedstuffs should preferably be supplemented with high-quality feed such as loquat powder, carrots, or beets to meet the deer's growth and nutrient requirements for metabolism.
1 Pay attention to the deer's insulation work deer Although not afraid of cold, but the cold environment will consume a lot of heat in deer body. To increase the body heat to protect the cold, the deer then increased its food intake, resulting in wastage of feed and increased production costs. Young deer and bred deer are sensitive to the temperature of the environment. If the house is too cold, it will not only affect the deer's growth and development, but also cause the deer to have a cold, pneumonia, and even cause death. At present, it has been accepted that the method of raising cattle and raising pigs with warmer loops in various places has been accepted by people. Similarly, deer feeding in warm winters is also an important technical measure. At present, the commonly used insulation measures are: (1) In winter, sawdust can be laid on the ground in the pens. As a litter, the advantage is that it can not only keep warm but also absorb excrement and urine, which is conducive to doing a good job in environmental sanitation. (2) Block the wind walls of the deer house to prevent thieves from invading. (3) After the winter snow, the snow inside and outside the house should be cleaned timely, which can not only keep warm but also prevent the deer from slipping and causing the fracture. (4) Warm drinking water should be provided in the winter, and the remaining water in the tank can be drained in the evening to prevent deer drinking ice water and freezing cracked water tanks. (5) The peasant households may use deer, and may hang grass curtains, draperies, plastic sheets, etc. to keep warm. It is also possible to put several bundles of firewood at the shepherd's gate at night and take it out during the day.
2 Perform manual supplemental lighting (1) Light compensation. The growth of live weight of deer is faster in spring and summer than in autumn and winter (the slowest growth in winter). This natural growth rule extends the deer's maturation time and delays the deer's antler time. If the deer is used for meat, there will be an imbalance in the annual supply of venison, that is, there will be sufficient meat sources in spring and summer, and there will be shortage of meat in autumn and winter. The seasonal growth of deer species is naturally occurring and intrinsic. It has nothing to do with pure feed supply but is related to the length of light. According to the study, it was found that during the whole night of winter, the light was continuously irradiated for 16 hours, followed by 8 hours of darkness, and the light intensity was 250-300 lx (lux). After such a regular treatment for 6 weeks, the deer could be accelerated in the winter and increase productivity. Food intake, accelerating weight gain. (2) The necessity of filling light. In the temperate zone of China, most regions have four distinct seasons, and the short winter sunshine lasts for three to four months. To supplement the light with artificial light, the captive deer has a continuous 16 hours of light. (3) The method of supplementing light. Any kind of electric light can be used as a light source, generally incandescent light bulbs are appropriate, in the height of 1 meter above the ground (not just under the light source), the measured light up to 250 ~ 300lx can be. Normally the lights are turned on after the sun goes down and artificial lighting is added. Turn the lights off when the natural light (daylight) time is added to the work light for 16 hours. If it is overcast or overcast, the light intensity needs to use artificial light instead of sunshine throughout the day. (4) The effect of supplementing artificial lighting: Artificial lighting supplements have been applied to many deer farms in China. According to data reports, the winter fill-up test of Xiaogong Red Deer in that year proved that in the 6-week-old period, the daily weight gain of the experimental group was 330 grams, and that of the control group without artificial light supplement was 152 grams. The group was 2.2 times the control group. At the same time, the feed intake of the deer in the experimental group increased, the feed utilization rate was improved, the deer's coat was bright, and the antler time was advanced by 5 to 10 days. Deer supplemented by artificial light in winter is beneficial to deer and velvet deer, especially for deer growing. It can promote deer maturity, produce antler in advance, and thus increase economic efficiency.
3 After feeding artificial feeds with high-quality feed, due to the increase of deer's feed intake, the deer must provide high-quality and sufficient feed, so as to fully tap the potential of artificial fill light to achieve the purpose of improving production performance. In some deer farms in northern China, corn and silage silage are used to feed deer in winter. This not only fails to meet the demand for feed after supplementing light, but also prone to vitamin deficiency. Therefore, feedstuffs should preferably be supplemented with high-quality feed such as loquat powder, carrots, or beets to meet the deer's growth and nutrient requirements for metabolism.
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