The greenhouse early spring ripening cultivation technology of watermelon, adopting grafting and raising seedlings, enhancing the low-temperature resistance of watermelon, and covering the temperature with a large greenhouse film, a small arch shelter film, and a plastic film (abbreviated as the three films), and covering a small grass canopy with a layer of grasshopper insulation at night Multi-layer covering insulation measures, early nursery, early planting, can be listed in advance. First, the choice of species. Precocious or early-maturing varieties of watermelons can be used, and they must have low-temperature, moisture, and weak-light resistance, low-temperature elongation and good fruit setting at low temperature, and high resistance to disease, high yield and resistance to transportation. The medium-maturing varieties include Admiralty Guanlong, Xinhongbao, Qihong, and Fengshou No.2; early-maturing varieties include Jingxin, Fengle No.5, and No. 84-24, beautiful and early spring red jade. Second, nursery 1, nursery time. Because of its long growth period, mid-maturing varieties should be raised in advance from the end of December to the beginning of January, and early maturing varieties should be raised in the middle and late January. 2, using grafting seedlings. Grafting watermelon seedlings can not only solve the problem that the continuous cropping guajava seedlings are susceptible to blight, but also because the root system of the rootstocks is developed and the early growth is rapid, which is beneficial to early maturing and high yield. Grafting rootstocks mainly include gourds, pumpkins, etc. (each has its own advantages and disadvantages), and it is most commonly used as an anvil. The grafting method is plugging or docking. 3, cultivate large seedlings. To cultivate a seedling age of 30-40 days, with 3-4 healthy leaves big seedlings. According to the conditions, it is possible to choose to use a hot bed, a hot bed, or an electric hot bed in a greenhouse or greenhouse. It is necessary to ensure the bed temperature during seedling period and resist the cold and cold temperature hazards. Third, the greenhouse preparation. Greenhouses require the use of "three membranes and one planting" cultivation mode, requiring that greenhouses have a strong insulation capacity. The suitable greenhouse specifications are: the length of the shed is about 60 meters, the width of the shed is 15 meters, and the height of the shed is 2.4 meters. The north wind barrier wind insulation. Non-drop greenhouse film buckle greenhouses are used to reduce the air humidity in the shed and prevent water droplets. In the first half months after planting, the membrane can be roasted to increase ground temperature. Fourth, soil preparation 1, formula fertilization. For medium-fertility plots, the reference formula fertilization rate per 100 square meters of base fertilizer is 0.5 cubic meters of high quality organic fertilizer, 15-20 kg of compound fertilizer, 20-30 kg of cake fertilizer, 150 grams of boron fertilizer, 150 grams of zinc fertilizer, and calcium and magnesium. Phosphorus fertilizer 20-30 kg. Organic manure should be fully decomposed of pure chicken manure or pig manure. Potassium sulphate should be used for potash and potassium chloride should not be used. Application method: Take a groove that is 1 meter wide and 30 centimeters deep. Apply all the manure and 70% of the chemical fertilizer layered into the ditch, mix with the soil, and pour in water. The remaining fertilizer is applied during planting. 2, do 垅. Above the fertilization ditch, a shallow ditch with a width of 12 to 15 centimeters wide, 80 centimeters wide and 15 to 20 centimeters high, is used as a guttering ditch. (The hose drip irrigation will not open the ditch, and the perforated hose will be placed. In the middle of the gills, cover 1 meter wide film. Fifth, colonization. The minimum temperature in the greenhouse is stable above 5°C, the average temperature is above 15°C, and the watermelon seedlings are planted on sunny days. Density of planting: Early-maturing varieties were planted with hanging vines, with a large row spacing of 1.1 meters, a small row spacing of 50 centimeters, a plant spacing of 40 centimeters, and a planting area of ​​1,400 acres. Mid-maturing varieties are cultivated on the ground, with a large row spacing of 3.5 meters, a plant spacing of 40 centimeters, and 500 trees per mu. Planting planting water when planting, after planting a small arch shed and grasshoppers. Six, field management 1, temperature management. The daytime temperature after planting is controlled at 30-32°C, and the minimum temperature at night is not lower than 16°C. After easing the seedling temperature, the shed temperature may be slightly lower, during the day, 20-25°C, and the minimum night temperature is not lower than 15°C. Into the fruiting period, the temperature of the greenhouse can be properly increased, during the day 25-28 °C, the minimum night temperature is not less than 17 °C. After sitting on melons, the weather is warmer and more ventilation is needed. When the nighttime temperatures are high, ventilation must also be performed. Daytime temperature control at 30 °C, 15-20 °C at night, temperature difference between day and night 10-15 °C, in order to facilitate the growth of watermelon. 2, ventilation management. The temperature of the shed during the period of the chilling of the watermelon is relatively low, generally not ventilated, and the ventilation is started after easing the seedlings. During the low temperature period, ventilate from the upper vents. Do not open the membrane and ventilate it from both sides. In the high temperature period, the temperature cannot be lowered by the upper vent alone, and then the central vent opening is used to enhance ventilation. It is easy to cause diseases due to the ground wind. 3, fertilizer and water management. Usually the watermelon seedlings are planted before the planting, and when they are planted, the water is no longer needed for watering during planting. After the seedlings start to shoot, the seedlings are poured into water and the melon grows. After that, they are no longer watered. The amount of watering should not be too large to prevent low ground temperature and high humidity due to watering. Under-membrane irrigation or hose drip irrigation can effectively control the air humidity and prevent diseases. After squashing, when the young larvae on most plants in the field grow to the size of the fist, they begin to water, then water once in 3-4 days, and the combination of bright and dark irrigation. Stop watering 7 days before harvesting. 4, rational fertilization. When basic fertilizer is applied, generally only 5 grams of urea per plant is applied in combination with watering in the initial stage of throwing vines. After sitting on the melon, the water is chased after the second fertilizer, and each plant applies about 30 grams of compound fertilizer, and the water is flushed. When the melon grows to the size of the bowl mouth, the third dressing is performed. The top dressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the leaf surface is sprayed with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate once. 5, pruning. In the greenhouse, the pruning of watermelon is mainly with two vines or three vines. The remaining side vines are removed and the tendrils are removed. Hang vine cultivation using two vine pruning, when the vine grows 50-60 centimeters, the main vine is hoisted with a rope, side vine climbing ground. 6, leaving melon pollination. The watermelon vine spreads 11-15 knots in the greenhouse, and the second female flower sits in the melon and is pollinated artificially and marked at 6-10 am every day. After 7 days of pollination, if the growth is normal, it means that the melon has been stable, and the fertilizer can be used to attack and promote fruit enlargement. When the melon weighs 0.5 kg, the hanging plate hangs the fruit. Six, pest control. The main diseases of greenhouse watermelon are anthracnose and powdery mildew, and the main pest is aphid. To strengthen the greenhouse temperature and humidity management, to minimize the humidity within the greenhouse, reduce the time of stems and leaves condensation, reduce the invasion of bacteria. Use high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides, use highly atomized medical devices, use less water agents, use more dust and smoke agents, and avoid the tendency of overly high application rates and excessive drug usage. VII. Harvesting and listing. Watermelon morning market, high prices, good efficiency. The pollination mark should be used to accurately determine the ripening period of watermelons, ensure quality, and strive for the morning market.
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