Pond owners raising grass carp has become the main mode of freshwater aquaculture in Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province. Because grass carp has the characteristics of clear water, high oxygen tolerance, gluttony, and disease, coupled with its lack of standardization in many aspects of its cultivation techniques, it leads to an increased risk of fish farming and even a loss. Based on many years of experimental experience, we believe that "If you want to maintain a pool of fish, you must adjust a pool of water. Fish disease is prevention and treatment." The following is a summary of the standardized culture techniques of the main grass carp adult fish.
1. Pond conditions
The location of the pond should be a place with sufficient water, convenient transportation and abundant electric power; the pool shape should be a rectangular pool with a long east-west and a wide north-south pool. The pool depth should be 3m, the water depth should be 2-25m, and an area of ​​8 acres should be appropriate. The water source must conform to the national fishery production standards, with convenient injection and drainage. The pond soil should have strong water retention and fertility, and there should be a feeding table at the long side of the pond. A 3kw aerator should also be provided.
2. Fish feed
The fish species to be placed are required to have strong physique, neat specifications, and no disease or injury. The conditions should be such that the fish species cultivated and domesticated have the same source. The stocking mode is based on grass carp, which is properly equipped with flowering white chain, carp, carp, etc. The carp uses strong feed debris and can turn sediment during feeding, which can promote mineralization of organic matter and improve water quality, and does not compete with grass carp. , Can be used as a secondary fish; squid because grab food stronger than grass carp will affect grass carp eat, so less to put or hold, when stocking, squid species should be smaller than the grass species, the maximum number of no more than 100 per mu. The stocking mode of the main grass-raising fish with a net production of 1000kg/mu is: grass carp 100g/tail 700 tails, carp 50g/tail 300 tails, carp 50g/tail 80 tails, 44th 2001 6th China Fisheries squid 10g/tail 500 At the end, the carp 25g/tail 300, and the carp summer 100.
3. Feeding technology
After adopting the granular domestic animal feed for adaptation and acclimation for a period of time, it is necessary to continue to adhere to the principle of "four determinations" and "four observations". The feed used should be a special pellet feed for grass carp. If the feed is used with too high or too low protein, it will cause the cost accounting for the breeding or the nutrient content of the feed to be insufficient. The used green material should be fresh and not bad. Feeding pellet feed is best to use bait feeder, so that the feed is spread evenly and widely distributed, to avoid catching food due to concentrated pool fish, so that small-sized, weak fish can not eat or eat enough; feed pelleted feed The number of times is from March to April three times a day, that is, 8:30 in the morning, 11:30 in the afternoon, 3 in the afternoon, and 4 times a day in May and September. That is, 8 a.m., 11 p.m., 1:30 p.m. and 3.30 p.m. About 30 minutes after each feeding, 80% of the fed grass carp should be fed. It is recommended that the grass be fed in the evening or at night. Because the grass is fed during the day and the grass carp is full, the feed for the pellet feed is worse.
4. Water quality management
As the grass carp likes clear water, and its food intake is large and excretion is large, the pool water must be frequently filled with water and drained to discharge the excrement and bait from the pool to prevent deterioration of the water quality. The transparency of the pool water should be kept above 30cm. The specific operating procedures are as follows: On April 1st to 5th, sunny fishponds begin to throw lime for the first time. The water depth of 1m pond is 50kg per mu, the 15m 150kg, and the 2m 200kg water. The next day after pouring lime, add plenty of water once. At the end of May, the fish pond should be given a second lime, 50-60kg per mu, and a lot of water should be added the next day. From the beginning of the 6th, the fish ponds spilled 15-25kg of phosphate fertilizer per acre pond every 8 days from 8 to 9am to adjust the water quality, so as to promote the further formation of plankton. Lime and phosphate fertilizer should be used at intervals of 15 days. Fish ponds should be reused once a month on June 20, 60-75 kg per acre of water, and a lot of water the next day. In the high-temperature season from July to September, the pond should maintain the highest water level, and the transparency should not be less than 30cm. Add water once every 5-7 days during high temperature season. Add water no less than 20cm each time. In addition to ground water, pump water once every 15 days. Before pumping, add 10cm of water first, and then draw old water to prevent floating head due to sudden change of weather. Generally cloudy. Rain does not pump water. When lime algae or "red water" appears in the pond, lime or nitrogen fertilizer cannot be used. After a large amount of water is changed, the phosphate fertilizer can be used to adjust the water quality. If fish disease can be treated with drugs, the water quality must be adjusted first.
5. Fish Disease Prevention
Fish disease is mainly prevention. This is also the key to the intensive culture of grass carp. Therefore, during the entire production process, most of the energy should be placed on the prevention and treatment of fish diseases. The disinfection of each link must be strictly controlled and the medicine baits should be fed regularly. . According to experience, feeding the bait from Gu Yu to Xia Sha is a “golden season†to prevent fish diseases. Specific operating procedures are:
One week prior to the release of the fish species, 20cm of water was discharged and the whole pool was splashed with 125kg of lime slurry to achieve “three whitesâ€, namely, the bottom of the pool was white, the pool was white, and the water was white, to kill harmful bacteria, parasites and wild Miscellaneous fish, improve the bottom of the pond, improve water quality.
At the end of April, the fish ponds should be splashed with trichlorfon and salt for the first time: 0.5 kg of worms and 5 kg of salt per acre of water surface, and the whole pool should be splashed with cold water, and water should be added three days later.
From the end of June to the beginning of July, the second time the trichlorfon added salt to the fish pond. The usage and dosage were the same as above, and water was added three days later. Such as the splash of trichlorfon suddenly encountered rainy weather, it is necessary to add water in a timely manner. In early May, fish ponds are fed with baits containing trichlorfon and salt to prevent the occurrence of fish parasites and enteritis. The specific methods for making and using baits are: 150-250g trichlorfon is ground into 10kg cold water and mixed with 50kg bran. After half-dry, mix 1.5kg salt surface, 20min later. Can be fed, even served 3d.
The main causes of grass carp disease are deterioration of water quality, aging, and contamination of feed and mildew. For grass carp diseased rot, red skin, and enteritis disease, water can be added first, and a portion of the old water can be taken out and reused once. The quick lime is 75-100 kg per mu, and a large amount of water is added the next day. For a pond with severe morbid disease, one week after the application of lime, 0.5 kg of trichlorfon and 5 kg of salt water per acre can be splashed on the whole pond, and a large amount of water can be added after 2-3 days.
Treatment of grass carp Chinese sturgeon, water depth 1m 0.5kg per acre Eradix, 1.5m 0.6kg, 2m 0.75kg, plus 0.75kg of copper sulfate and 0.2kg of ferrous sulfate Quanchiposa, in case of rain It is necessary to add water in time to prevent floating heads and pans.
6. Daily management
Adhere to the 3 times daily morning, evening and mid-night tour to discover and understand food conditions, floating head conditions, good or bad water quality, fish activity, fish disease, etc.; timely remove grass and dead fish; At night, it is necessary to take turns on duty, ensure that the pond is observed once per hour, and if necessary, the aerator is started; at the same time, the pond log must be maintained and each production step must be recorded to provide a basis for improving management measures and formulating production plans in the future.
1. Pond conditions
The location of the pond should be a place with sufficient water, convenient transportation and abundant electric power; the pool shape should be a rectangular pool with a long east-west and a wide north-south pool. The pool depth should be 3m, the water depth should be 2-25m, and an area of ​​8 acres should be appropriate. The water source must conform to the national fishery production standards, with convenient injection and drainage. The pond soil should have strong water retention and fertility, and there should be a feeding table at the long side of the pond. A 3kw aerator should also be provided.
2. Fish feed
The fish species to be placed are required to have strong physique, neat specifications, and no disease or injury. The conditions should be such that the fish species cultivated and domesticated have the same source. The stocking mode is based on grass carp, which is properly equipped with flowering white chain, carp, carp, etc. The carp uses strong feed debris and can turn sediment during feeding, which can promote mineralization of organic matter and improve water quality, and does not compete with grass carp. , Can be used as a secondary fish; squid because grab food stronger than grass carp will affect grass carp eat, so less to put or hold, when stocking, squid species should be smaller than the grass species, the maximum number of no more than 100 per mu. The stocking mode of the main grass-raising fish with a net production of 1000kg/mu is: grass carp 100g/tail 700 tails, carp 50g/tail 300 tails, carp 50g/tail 80 tails, 44th 2001 6th China Fisheries squid 10g/tail 500 At the end, the carp 25g/tail 300, and the carp summer 100.
3. Feeding technology
After adopting the granular domestic animal feed for adaptation and acclimation for a period of time, it is necessary to continue to adhere to the principle of "four determinations" and "four observations". The feed used should be a special pellet feed for grass carp. If the feed is used with too high or too low protein, it will cause the cost accounting for the breeding or the nutrient content of the feed to be insufficient. The used green material should be fresh and not bad. Feeding pellet feed is best to use bait feeder, so that the feed is spread evenly and widely distributed, to avoid catching food due to concentrated pool fish, so that small-sized, weak fish can not eat or eat enough; feed pelleted feed The number of times is from March to April three times a day, that is, 8:30 in the morning, 11:30 in the afternoon, 3 in the afternoon, and 4 times a day in May and September. That is, 8 a.m., 11 p.m., 1:30 p.m. and 3.30 p.m. About 30 minutes after each feeding, 80% of the fed grass carp should be fed. It is recommended that the grass be fed in the evening or at night. Because the grass is fed during the day and the grass carp is full, the feed for the pellet feed is worse.
4. Water quality management
As the grass carp likes clear water, and its food intake is large and excretion is large, the pool water must be frequently filled with water and drained to discharge the excrement and bait from the pool to prevent deterioration of the water quality. The transparency of the pool water should be kept above 30cm. The specific operating procedures are as follows: On April 1st to 5th, sunny fishponds begin to throw lime for the first time. The water depth of 1m pond is 50kg per mu, the 15m 150kg, and the 2m 200kg water. The next day after pouring lime, add plenty of water once. At the end of May, the fish pond should be given a second lime, 50-60kg per mu, and a lot of water should be added the next day. From the beginning of the 6th, the fish ponds spilled 15-25kg of phosphate fertilizer per acre pond every 8 days from 8 to 9am to adjust the water quality, so as to promote the further formation of plankton. Lime and phosphate fertilizer should be used at intervals of 15 days. Fish ponds should be reused once a month on June 20, 60-75 kg per acre of water, and a lot of water the next day. In the high-temperature season from July to September, the pond should maintain the highest water level, and the transparency should not be less than 30cm. Add water once every 5-7 days during high temperature season. Add water no less than 20cm each time. In addition to ground water, pump water once every 15 days. Before pumping, add 10cm of water first, and then draw old water to prevent floating head due to sudden change of weather. Generally cloudy. Rain does not pump water. When lime algae or "red water" appears in the pond, lime or nitrogen fertilizer cannot be used. After a large amount of water is changed, the phosphate fertilizer can be used to adjust the water quality. If fish disease can be treated with drugs, the water quality must be adjusted first.
5. Fish Disease Prevention
Fish disease is mainly prevention. This is also the key to the intensive culture of grass carp. Therefore, during the entire production process, most of the energy should be placed on the prevention and treatment of fish diseases. The disinfection of each link must be strictly controlled and the medicine baits should be fed regularly. . According to experience, feeding the bait from Gu Yu to Xia Sha is a “golden season†to prevent fish diseases. Specific operating procedures are:
One week prior to the release of the fish species, 20cm of water was discharged and the whole pool was splashed with 125kg of lime slurry to achieve “three whitesâ€, namely, the bottom of the pool was white, the pool was white, and the water was white, to kill harmful bacteria, parasites and wild Miscellaneous fish, improve the bottom of the pond, improve water quality.
At the end of April, the fish ponds should be splashed with trichlorfon and salt for the first time: 0.5 kg of worms and 5 kg of salt per acre of water surface, and the whole pool should be splashed with cold water, and water should be added three days later.
From the end of June to the beginning of July, the second time the trichlorfon added salt to the fish pond. The usage and dosage were the same as above, and water was added three days later. Such as the splash of trichlorfon suddenly encountered rainy weather, it is necessary to add water in a timely manner. In early May, fish ponds are fed with baits containing trichlorfon and salt to prevent the occurrence of fish parasites and enteritis. The specific methods for making and using baits are: 150-250g trichlorfon is ground into 10kg cold water and mixed with 50kg bran. After half-dry, mix 1.5kg salt surface, 20min later. Can be fed, even served 3d.
The main causes of grass carp disease are deterioration of water quality, aging, and contamination of feed and mildew. For grass carp diseased rot, red skin, and enteritis disease, water can be added first, and a portion of the old water can be taken out and reused once. The quick lime is 75-100 kg per mu, and a large amount of water is added the next day. For a pond with severe morbid disease, one week after the application of lime, 0.5 kg of trichlorfon and 5 kg of salt water per acre can be splashed on the whole pond, and a large amount of water can be added after 2-3 days.
Treatment of grass carp Chinese sturgeon, water depth 1m 0.5kg per acre Eradix, 1.5m 0.6kg, 2m 0.75kg, plus 0.75kg of copper sulfate and 0.2kg of ferrous sulfate Quanchiposa, in case of rain It is necessary to add water in time to prevent floating heads and pans.
6. Daily management
Adhere to the 3 times daily morning, evening and mid-night tour to discover and understand food conditions, floating head conditions, good or bad water quality, fish activity, fish disease, etc.; timely remove grass and dead fish; At night, it is necessary to take turns on duty, ensure that the pond is observed once per hour, and if necessary, the aerator is started; at the same time, the pond log must be maintained and each production step must be recorded to provide a basis for improving management measures and formulating production plans in the future.
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