Breeding famous aquatic products in paddy fields can significantly increase the production efficiency of paddy fields and increase farmers' income. Macrobrachium rosenbergii has complex diets, large individuals, rapid growth, high yields, short aquaculture cycles, and easy day-to-day management. It is an ideal breed for farmers to raise paddy fields and increase farmland benefits. The technical measures for breeding Macrobrachium rosenbergii in paddy fields mainly include the following aspects:
I. Selection and preparation of shrimp farming rice fields
1, rice field selection. Farming Macrobrachium rosenbergii should choose paddy fields with convenient drainage and irrigation, sufficient water sources, no water pollution, and no leakage in field ridges. The area of ​​2001-3335 m2 is more appropriate.
2, rice field preparation. 1.5-2 meters wide and 60-80 centimeters deep trenches were excavated from the field ridges, and field trenches were excavated in the middle of the rice fields, and the ring grooves on one side of the rice fields were widened and deepened as temporary raising trenches. In Kaggao, the width of the field is widened, and the total area of ​​the trench is about 15-20% of the area of ​​the rice field. Planting aquatic plants in the shrimp ditch (such as Magereorium chinensis, black leaf algae, water peanuts, etc.) covers an area of ​​approximately 60-70% of the ditch area of ​​the shrimp, thus providing a sheltering site for Macrobrachium rosenbergii while also absorbing water. Some nutrients prevent the body from becoming over-fat and provide some plant food. Shrimp paddy field intake and outlet openings for the coffered corners, and use a dense mesh to prevent escape.
Second, shrimp stocking
1. Disinfection: 15-20 days before the stocking of shrimps, 50-75 kg of quick lime per acre of rice field will be used to sprinkling after water-solubilization, killing enemy organisms such as astragalus and leeches and bacteria, fungi, parasites and other pathogens.
2. Fertilization: About 10 days before stocking, 300-500 kg of organic fertilizer (fermented chicken manure, pig manure, etc.) is applied to the shrimp ditch in each mu of paddy field, and the appropriate feed for stocking the shrimp is cultivated.
3, stocking shrimp: shrimp stocking generally in the middle and late May, select the windless sunny morning, per acre to put specifications about 1.5 cm shrimp seedlings 1-1.5 million, at the same time can be used, and summer flowers about 100 .
Third, feeding. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is more miscellaneous food, plankton, aquatic insects, aquatic grass, algae, rice bran, bran, etc. can be fed; but the initial period of stocking shrimp body is weak, should be fed steamed egg yolk, fish roe, etc., two weeks After artificial feeding can be fed. Artificial compound feed should be processed into pellets, including animal feeds of not less than 20% (such as fish meal, cocoon, cockroach, snail meat, etc.). Feeding should adhere to "four sets", that is, qualitative, quantitative, timing, positioning. We do not cast corrupt spoilage feed, and we set 8-10 food establishments in the shrimp gutter of rice field and feed it. The compound feed is fed 2-3 times a day, and the feeding time is generally about 9:00 am and 5:00 pm, about 1/3 in the morning and 2/3 in the afternoon. If you vote for 3 times, you will cast 1 more time around 8PM. The amount of feed is determined according to the weight of the shrimp, which is 30-40% in the early stage, and falls to 10-15% after one and a half months, and gradually decreases to 3-5% afterwards. When feeding specifically, it is necessary to determine the feeding amount according to the season, weather, water quality, and the feeding conditions of the shrimp, etc. It is better to finish the food within 2-3 hours, and the remaining bait should be promptly removed.
Fourth, water quality management. Macrobrachium rosenbergii requires high dissolved oxygen in the water, so it is necessary to strengthen the regulation of water quality, keep the water fresh, usually change the water once a week, change the water every other day in the hot season, change the amount of water each time in about 1/3, Lime was applied once every two weeks at a concentration of 15 mg/kg. In the paddy field, top dressing should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by fertilizer, and ammonium bicarbonate should not be applied, and the principle of “less application of groundwater and fertilization†should be adhered to. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is more sensitive to trichlorfon and pyrethrin, and the pesticides applied in paddy fields should be carbendazim, jinggangmycin, insecticidal double, etc., and applied by fine spray method. The application time should be on sunny morning or In the evening, it is not appropriate to apply pesticides on cloudy and rainy days. Generally, the water is drained the night before the application, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii is induced into the shrimp ditch. New water should be added in time after spraying.
Fifth, shrimp disease prevention and control. Macrobrachium rosenbergii has less disease, but because it lives in the water, shrimp disease is not easy to detect, so we must first do prevention work, commonly used quicklime, bleach, potassium permanganate, formalin and other drugs on shrimp bodies, sites, tools, The water body is disinfected to kill pathogens. Usually pay attention to observe the shrimp activity in the water, found that shrimp disease should be treated in time, common shrimp disease mainly in the following categories:
1, ciliate disease: diseased shrimp body surface a large number of ciliates parasites (bell insects, worms, poly worms, etc.), brown brown hairy surface, affecting shrimp feeding and clam shell, severe shrimp can cause death. The main reason is that the water quality is too fat, and the bell-shaped insects, larvae, and polychaeta are multiplying.
Control methods: Change water regularly to keep the water fresh; use 0.4 ml/kg bromochloroheine for water disinfection; use copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) mixture to spray at a concentration of 0.7 mg/kg.
2. Brown spot disease: Diseased shrimps have spotted yellow-brown ulcers, and the middle part of the ulcers are sunken. There are more cephalozoites and abdomen. Sometimes tentacles, tail fans and other appendages also affect shrimp growth seriously. . It is mainly caused by mechanical damage during catching and transportation.
Control methods: Pay attention to the operation to prevent the shrimp body from mechanical damage; use 0.3 mg/kg chlorine to kill the king; splash 0.5-1 grams of oxytetracycline per kilogram of feed or mix 1-2 grams of shrimp to feed, 5-7 days for feeding 1 course of treatment.
3. Black shank disease: The color of the diseased shrimp's crest changes from red to black, and it eventually dies due to breathlessness. The disease is caused by water quality aging, fungal infections, high levels of heavy metal ions in the water, and long-term lack of vitamin C.
Control methods: Improve water quality, regularly disinfect with 15 mg/kg quicklime; dip 2 times with 2-3 mg/kg furazolidone for 5-10 minutes each time. Add vitamin C properly in the feed.
4. Soft-shell disease: The diseased crustaceans are obviously softened, and are thin in shape, weakened in activity, slow in growth, and can cause death in severe cases. The disease may be caused by excessive organic matter in the water, low pH, and chronic nutritional deficiencies.
Control methods: Add new water to improve water quality; Sprinkle with 15 mg/kg lime water to increase the pH of the water; Feed high quality full-priced feed.
5, hard shell disease: sick shrimp body shell hardening, there is a clear sense of roughness, shrimp shell was dark brown, dull, reduced food intake. The disease is caused by excessive calcium ion content in the water and aging of the water.
Control methods: dip for 10-15 minutes with 5 mg/kg tea seed meal; add locust to the feed to promote shrimp clams.
Six, fishing. The activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii decreased below 18°C, the food intake was also reduced, and the growth was slow. Therefore, it was necessary to arrest in time in late October; if it could not be captured, death would occur below 14°C. Fishing method: Place cages in the shrimp ditch for catching; timely drain half of the ditch water and use net catch; drain and ditch the ditch water to capture.
I. Selection and preparation of shrimp farming rice fields
1, rice field selection. Farming Macrobrachium rosenbergii should choose paddy fields with convenient drainage and irrigation, sufficient water sources, no water pollution, and no leakage in field ridges. The area of ​​2001-3335 m2 is more appropriate.
2, rice field preparation. 1.5-2 meters wide and 60-80 centimeters deep trenches were excavated from the field ridges, and field trenches were excavated in the middle of the rice fields, and the ring grooves on one side of the rice fields were widened and deepened as temporary raising trenches. In Kaggao, the width of the field is widened, and the total area of ​​the trench is about 15-20% of the area of ​​the rice field. Planting aquatic plants in the shrimp ditch (such as Magereorium chinensis, black leaf algae, water peanuts, etc.) covers an area of ​​approximately 60-70% of the ditch area of ​​the shrimp, thus providing a sheltering site for Macrobrachium rosenbergii while also absorbing water. Some nutrients prevent the body from becoming over-fat and provide some plant food. Shrimp paddy field intake and outlet openings for the coffered corners, and use a dense mesh to prevent escape.
Second, shrimp stocking
1. Disinfection: 15-20 days before the stocking of shrimps, 50-75 kg of quick lime per acre of rice field will be used to sprinkling after water-solubilization, killing enemy organisms such as astragalus and leeches and bacteria, fungi, parasites and other pathogens.
2. Fertilization: About 10 days before stocking, 300-500 kg of organic fertilizer (fermented chicken manure, pig manure, etc.) is applied to the shrimp ditch in each mu of paddy field, and the appropriate feed for stocking the shrimp is cultivated.
3, stocking shrimp: shrimp stocking generally in the middle and late May, select the windless sunny morning, per acre to put specifications about 1.5 cm shrimp seedlings 1-1.5 million, at the same time can be used, and summer flowers about 100 .
Third, feeding. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is more miscellaneous food, plankton, aquatic insects, aquatic grass, algae, rice bran, bran, etc. can be fed; but the initial period of stocking shrimp body is weak, should be fed steamed egg yolk, fish roe, etc., two weeks After artificial feeding can be fed. Artificial compound feed should be processed into pellets, including animal feeds of not less than 20% (such as fish meal, cocoon, cockroach, snail meat, etc.). Feeding should adhere to "four sets", that is, qualitative, quantitative, timing, positioning. We do not cast corrupt spoilage feed, and we set 8-10 food establishments in the shrimp gutter of rice field and feed it. The compound feed is fed 2-3 times a day, and the feeding time is generally about 9:00 am and 5:00 pm, about 1/3 in the morning and 2/3 in the afternoon. If you vote for 3 times, you will cast 1 more time around 8PM. The amount of feed is determined according to the weight of the shrimp, which is 30-40% in the early stage, and falls to 10-15% after one and a half months, and gradually decreases to 3-5% afterwards. When feeding specifically, it is necessary to determine the feeding amount according to the season, weather, water quality, and the feeding conditions of the shrimp, etc. It is better to finish the food within 2-3 hours, and the remaining bait should be promptly removed.
Fourth, water quality management. Macrobrachium rosenbergii requires high dissolved oxygen in the water, so it is necessary to strengthen the regulation of water quality, keep the water fresh, usually change the water once a week, change the water every other day in the hot season, change the amount of water each time in about 1/3, Lime was applied once every two weeks at a concentration of 15 mg/kg. In the paddy field, top dressing should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by fertilizer, and ammonium bicarbonate should not be applied, and the principle of “less application of groundwater and fertilization†should be adhered to. Macrobrachium rosenbergii is more sensitive to trichlorfon and pyrethrin, and the pesticides applied in paddy fields should be carbendazim, jinggangmycin, insecticidal double, etc., and applied by fine spray method. The application time should be on sunny morning or In the evening, it is not appropriate to apply pesticides on cloudy and rainy days. Generally, the water is drained the night before the application, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii is induced into the shrimp ditch. New water should be added in time after spraying.
Fifth, shrimp disease prevention and control. Macrobrachium rosenbergii has less disease, but because it lives in the water, shrimp disease is not easy to detect, so we must first do prevention work, commonly used quicklime, bleach, potassium permanganate, formalin and other drugs on shrimp bodies, sites, tools, The water body is disinfected to kill pathogens. Usually pay attention to observe the shrimp activity in the water, found that shrimp disease should be treated in time, common shrimp disease mainly in the following categories:
1, ciliate disease: diseased shrimp body surface a large number of ciliates parasites (bell insects, worms, poly worms, etc.), brown brown hairy surface, affecting shrimp feeding and clam shell, severe shrimp can cause death. The main reason is that the water quality is too fat, and the bell-shaped insects, larvae, and polychaeta are multiplying.
Control methods: Change water regularly to keep the water fresh; use 0.4 ml/kg bromochloroheine for water disinfection; use copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) mixture to spray at a concentration of 0.7 mg/kg.
2. Brown spot disease: Diseased shrimps have spotted yellow-brown ulcers, and the middle part of the ulcers are sunken. There are more cephalozoites and abdomen. Sometimes tentacles, tail fans and other appendages also affect shrimp growth seriously. . It is mainly caused by mechanical damage during catching and transportation.
Control methods: Pay attention to the operation to prevent the shrimp body from mechanical damage; use 0.3 mg/kg chlorine to kill the king; splash 0.5-1 grams of oxytetracycline per kilogram of feed or mix 1-2 grams of shrimp to feed, 5-7 days for feeding 1 course of treatment.
3. Black shank disease: The color of the diseased shrimp's crest changes from red to black, and it eventually dies due to breathlessness. The disease is caused by water quality aging, fungal infections, high levels of heavy metal ions in the water, and long-term lack of vitamin C.
Control methods: Improve water quality, regularly disinfect with 15 mg/kg quicklime; dip 2 times with 2-3 mg/kg furazolidone for 5-10 minutes each time. Add vitamin C properly in the feed.
4. Soft-shell disease: The diseased crustaceans are obviously softened, and are thin in shape, weakened in activity, slow in growth, and can cause death in severe cases. The disease may be caused by excessive organic matter in the water, low pH, and chronic nutritional deficiencies.
Control methods: Add new water to improve water quality; Sprinkle with 15 mg/kg lime water to increase the pH of the water; Feed high quality full-priced feed.
5, hard shell disease: sick shrimp body shell hardening, there is a clear sense of roughness, shrimp shell was dark brown, dull, reduced food intake. The disease is caused by excessive calcium ion content in the water and aging of the water.
Control methods: dip for 10-15 minutes with 5 mg/kg tea seed meal; add locust to the feed to promote shrimp clams.
Six, fishing. The activity of Macrobrachium rosenbergii decreased below 18°C, the food intake was also reduced, and the growth was slow. Therefore, it was necessary to arrest in time in late October; if it could not be captured, death would occur below 14°C. Fishing method: Place cages in the shrimp ditch for catching; timely drain half of the ditch water and use net catch; drain and ditch the ditch water to capture.
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