In recent years, the rapid development of fruits and vegetables in the greenhouses has become the main method for adjusting the agricultural industry structure and increasing farmers' income. However, the internal temperature and humidity and other environmental conditions of the greenhouse, which are different from bare soil, provide favorable conditions for the occurrence of certain diseases and insect pests, of which gray mold is the most typical and has aggravated year by year. This article gives a brief overview of the symptoms of gray mold, living habits of pathogens, and their prevention and treatment. First, the main symptoms of fruit and vegetable gray mold greenhouse 1. Tomato. The pathogen that causes Botrytis cinerea is Botrytis cinerea. First, the pathogenic bacteria infect mainly the remaining petals, followed by the stigma, and then develop to the pedicle and the umbilicus. Finally, it spreads to other parts of the fruit, focusing on the first ear. Symptoms: mainly caused by leaf and fruit rot. There are mainly V-shaped and irregular shaped spots on the leaves, round lenticular spots and broken leaves; stems are mainly rotted and rotted on the stem base; fruits form flowery spots and rotten fruit. 2. Strawberry. The pathogen is Botrytis cinerea. Pathogens directly infect the petals, leaves, and fruits, and the surface bacteria can directly infect the fruit. Mutual contact between diseased fruits and conidia on diseased fruit can cause reinfection due to human or natural factors. The fruit was mostly from the proximal part of the tinea. The fruit surface was initially stained with water spots, and it gradually turned brown and rotted. A wet white mold layer forms on the surface of rotten fruit under humid conditions. After flowering, the petals fade and dry. Petiole petiole victim, a slight change in the early stage, later formed sparse mold layer, and finally the entire inflorescence withered and died. 3. cucumber. The pathogen is Botrytis cinerea. The pathogenic bacteria first invade the open flowers and grow a brown-brown moldy layer before invading the melon strips and stems. The umbilical portion of the melon rots, and the diseased department has a gray mold layer. If the diseased flower lands on the leaf, it can cause the onset of the leaf, forming a round and irregular spot, with a water-stained appearance at first, and a pale grayish brown afterwards, sometimes with a gray moldy layer. In the onset of stalks, the stalks were rotted, the vines were broken, and the plants withered. 4. Chives. In the field, conidia of Sphaeropsis infestans are scattered in the soil and spread by agricultural operations such as irrigation. The infection of pathogenic bacteria was closely related to the cutting of cuts of leeks, with the incidence of the first knife being light, and the incidence of second and third cuts was heavy. More than the shed film formation center of the dripping and spread around. The main manifestations are white spots, dry tips and wet rot. White point and dry tip type produce fusiform or elliptical spots in the leaves at the beginning of the disease, and they expand downward from the tip of the leaves, then gather into plaques to make the leaves scorch, and moldy layers grow on dry leaves under high humidity conditions. After the onset of wet rot, there were no white spots on the leaves, and the surface of the dead leaves was gray to green villous layer. The dry tip type is often rotted by the cut edge of the cutting knife and is initially water-stained. It is gradually light green and has a brown ring pattern. After the spread of the lesion, it is mostly semi-circular or V-shaped and spreads downward and turns yellow. Brown, when wet, the surface grows a brownish-brown or green villous mold layer, and is thus rotted and called rot. Second, the living habits of pathogens Botrytis cinerea can infect tomatoes, eggplant, cucumber, zucchini, strawberries, grapes, apples, beans and other beans. The conidia can germinate at 8°C--32°C, the optimum temperature for germination is about 20°C; the relative humidity less than 80% can not germinate. Bacteria in 20 °C - 25 °C, under conditions of high rainfall and high humidity, sclerotia grow quickly, the formation of bacteria-like early, below 5 °C and 30 °C above the growth rate is slow, hi-acid environment. 2. Sphaeropsis can infect leek, onion, garlic and other crops. The mycelium can grow at 15°C--30°C, and the growth above 27°C is affected, and it cannot grow above 33°C. Sclerotia at 15 °C - 27 °C, the amount of production gradually increased, 27 °C maximum, 30 °C that can not be produced. The spore germination requires fog droplets and water film, and the relative humidity is above 90%. When the relative humidity in the shed is more than 85%, the disease is heavy, and when the relative humidity is less than 65%, it does not occur. When the temperature in the shed is continuously high and low for several days, the disease becomes severe. The infection of Botrytis cinerea generally requires low temperature and high humidity conditions, and persists in cloudy days, low temperature, high humidity, lack of illumination, and lack of prompt release of air. The incidence is heavy. Third, prevention and control (a) biological control with 300 times - 600 times the control of botanical effects of the liquid mold of gray mold is better, and non-toxic pollution, in the production of pollution-free vegetables worthy of promotion. (II) Comprehensive Prevention and Control 1. Use resistant varieties. 2. Clean the greenhouse, remove the diseased flowers, leaves, melons and stems of the eggplant and melon vegetables in a timely manner and bring them out of the field to burn or deepen, so as to reduce the source of bacteria. After each harvest of leeks, the scraped leaves of the stubs were cleaned up and burned to reduce pathogens. 3. According to the weather conditions outside the shed, reasonable ventilation, reduce the humidity and leaf area exposure time. 4. Apply organic fertilizer, apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reasonably and control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer. 5. Proper close planting to ensure ventilation and light transmission. Adding “Telik†500 times solution to the tomato squid preparation and then decorating the flower can control gray mold. Extract the petals and stigma of young tomato fruits from 7 days to 15 days after flowering of the tomato (small fruit diameter 10 mm to 20 mm), and spray once or twice each time young fruits reach the fruit stage. Ricker "500 times liquid, can prevent fruit gray mold. The double ridge film-covered and drip-water cultivating methods not only increased the soil temperature, but also significantly reduced the relative humidity in the shed, thereby inhibiting the occurrence and reinfestation of Botrytis cinerea. For the opponent's strawberry, deep sorghum should be taken to cover the area covered with plastic film. Generally, the depth of the ditch should be 0.35 to 0.4 meters. At the same time, the mulch should cover the ditch at both sides of the ditch to reduce the incidence of fruit and soil contact, accelerate drainage and reduce damage. Sparse excess buds, flowers, fruits, and appropriate removal of old leaves, and bring them out of the field for centralized treatment. 6. Non-mining fruit vegetables are exchanged for a period of 2 to 3 years. (III) Chemical Control Control period. The appropriate period for the control of pesticides is to use two kinds of medicaments in the two stages of seedling stage and flower and fruit stage and alternately. The technical points are as follows: (1) Pay attention to the control of seedling stage. That is, it is better to use the drug before the first peak of gray mold. 2 strengthen flower and fruit control. That is, in the second peak period of gray mold (mid-February - early March, beginning of flowering period), 7 days -10 days (depending on the pesticide species may be determined) continuous medication for many times, preserved flowers. It must be emphasized that the flower and fruit period is a key period for prevention and control. For leek gray mold, chemical control should seize the appropriate period of infection, focus on the protection of the second crop of spring leek second, three knife and cut 6 days - 8 days of medication. 2. Suitable medicaments. 1Special fungicide: Benzoimidazole (BCM) carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, extinct dust, etc.; dimethyl imide (SMX) and its compounding agent. ), Acetaminophen (Iprodione), Nonylurea, Ganoderma (containing wettable powder, smoke agent, dust) Sclerotium net, Gray mold special; Carbamate (CFT) and its compound A Ling, Duo Ling Ling, Wan Wei Ling (Bike Wei) dust and so on. 2 Protective agent: It has preventive effect, such as chlorothalonil (containing wettable powder and smoke agent), Dasheng, mancozeb, captan, etc. In recent years, various pesticides (or dosage forms) have been developed and tested in various places to prevent and control botrytis, and good results have been achieved. For example, the use of a chlorothalonil-containing tobacco smoke agent to control botrytis cinerea Botrytis cinerea 2 times, the effect can reach 84% - 100%; 6.5% thioxamate against tomato gray mold applied twice - 3 times, the effect is More than 78%; 41.8% of Tecpo Suspension has 91.1% effect on prevention of gray mold in leek, which is significantly higher than that of Sikronin; 25% of the Ash is effective in controlling tomato leaves and Botrytis cinerea in greenhouse. About 28% of Botryococcus spp. Control the effect of Botrytis cinerea on greenhouse vegetables, generally 90% or more; 40% of pyrimethanil suspension is administered 3 times - 4 times The control effect against Botrytis cinerea reaches 80% - 90% Above; 3% of Botrytis cinerea after 3 times treatment of tomato, amaranth, kidney beans and other gray mold control efficacy are generally more than 90%; 6.5% powdered mildew superfine dust medication 3 times to control tomato, botrytis cinerea The effect of the disease is also above 80%. It is important to note that newly developed fungicides must be tested and demonstrated for many years to clarify their effects, their toxicity to humans, their safety to crops, and to bring mature products to market. Different types of drugs should be used alternately to reduce the resistance of pathogens and reduce the effectiveness of control. Must be timely and accurate medication.
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[Name] Medical Cold Patch
[Package Dimension] 5cm 4pieces/box
The pain relief patch is composed of three layers, namely, backing lining, middle gel and protective film. It is free from pharmacological, immunological or metabolic ingredients.
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[Indications]
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[How To Use a Patch]
Please follow the Schematic Diagram. One piece, one time.
The curing effect of each piece can last for 6-8 hours.
[Attention]
Do not apply the patch on the problematic skin, such as wounds, eczema, dermatitis,or in the eyes. People allergic to herbs and the pregnant are advised not to use the medication. If swelling or irritation occurs, please stop using and if any of these effects persist or worsen.notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly. Children using the patch must be supervised by adults.
[Storage Conditions]
Store below 30c in a dry place away from heat and direct sunlight.
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