Biological characteristics
1. Morphological characteristics: The body is relatively thick, flat, and the back of the head is raised. The head is smaller, the eye is larger, the lower jaw is horseshoe-shaped, and the upper jaw is covered with jaws. The kiss is blunt and flexible. There are 2 pairs of jaws. The pharyngeal teeth are diverse and the number of teeth varies. The pods are short and are arranged in a moderately triangular shape with a number of 19-30. The dorsal fins 17-21, the first hard puncture from the highest position on the back of the body, and the pelvic fin base, the last hard puncture trailing edge is serrated. The anal fin strip 5, the base of the caudal fin at the back, and the last hard thorn also sawtooth. Cell fins 15-17, with rounded ends, ventral fins 8-9, pointed tip, not reaching the anus. Caudal fins, fins 20-24. The scales on the body surface are relatively large and are arranged along the margins. There is a complete scale on the front of the dorsal fin to the head. Each side of the dorsal fin has a row of symmetrical scales on each side. Each fin has a scale at its base, and individual individuals see a small number on the lateral line. Scales. The lateral lines are mostly flat and unbranched, and individual individuals have shorter branches at the lateral ends. The body color varies with the habitat, usually brown on the back and light yellow on the body and abdomen.
2. Living habits: German mirror carp growth temperature is 15 °C -30 °C, the optimum growth temperature is 23 °C -29 °C. Do not like over-fertilized water quality, require dissolved oxygen in water more than 6 oxygen g / l, PH value of 7-8, more cold-resistant, can be safely in the water temperature of 1 °C -3 °C over 150 days of the wintering period. During the rearing period, I like to live in shallow water near the pool. It is easier to catch than ordinary squid.
3. Food: German mirror oysters fish. During the larvae period, zooplankton is used as food, summer flowers (3 cm in length) can be fed artificial diet, and also benthic organisms such as rock worms and aquatic insects in ponds. Feeding high protein feeds can accelerate its growth. When the water temperature was 23°C-29°C, the highest intensity of ingestion and the fastest growth occurred. When the water temperature was higher than this range, the growth rate decreased. When the water temperature was as low as 14°C, the food intake decreased significantly. When the water temperature was 4°C-6°C, the food intake stopped. Its ingestion intensity and growth are closely related to the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water is 7-9 mg/L. It requires a large amount of feed and grows fastest. When the amount of dissolved oxygen drops to 3-6 mg/L, Food intake decreased by 50%, and when dissolved oxygen was 0.5-2 mg/L, it decreased by 75%.
4. Growth: In the year of growth, the fish was used in the adjacent pond with similar pond conditions. From the summer flower to the fish, the growth was compared with that of the wild pheasant and the purplish red purlin. The results were repeated three times. The result was that the German mirror weighed more than the wild pheasant and the purse. Red Lu gained 31.2% and 35.6%.
The growth of the 2nd instar fish was compared with the growth of Tongtang, wild pheasant and red purse, and the results were repeated twice. The test results showed that the weight of German mirror carp was 33.4%-38.6% higher than that of wild leeches and red purse.
In comparison with the growth control of the German mirror carp breeding line and the unselected breeding stock, after repeated experiments for 3 years, the weight of the breeding line with the 2nd instar breeding fish was 9.8% and 11.3% higher than that of the unselected breeding stock. German body length and weight of different age groups are shown in Table 1-24.
Age (age) Body length (mm) Weight (g)
I 75-124 18-75
II 235-288 518-1000
III 289-320 1000-1550
IV 334-365 1605-2050
V 390-450 2340-3200
* Age is based on the number of rings on the spine
Reproductive characteristics
The first sexually mature age in German mirror borers is 4-5 years for females, 3-4 for males, weighs over 1500 grams, and body length is above 250 mm. The 3-5 kilograms of females have 60-90,000 pellets of incubating capacity and about 300,000 eggs laid. The ratio of female to male is 1:1. The gonads matured 1 year and spawned in batches. The reproductive water temperature is above 18°C, and the optimum water temperature is 19°C-22°C. During the spawning period in the northeast from mid-May to the end of June, two methods of natural spawning and artificial spawning can be adopted, but artificial spawning is better, which can make Mature broodstock concentrates on spawning to form large-scale production. Artificial oxytocin should be combined with artificial insemination and de-bonding hatching.
Breeding technology
German mirror carp is suitable for pond breeding, but it can also be raised in cages. The depth of the pond is 1.5-2 meters. Water quality is moderate, no pollution, and new water can be poured at any time. Before stocking, excessive pond fertilizer must be removed. Disinfect with quicklime.
1. Seed breeding:
The summer flower cultivation pond is suitable for 2000-3333 square meters (3-5 mu) ponds, and the fry density is 100,000 fish rearing/667 square meters. Fertilizer is used to cultivate rotifers, cladocerans or artificial hair pond material. After stocking, visit the pond every day and pay attention to observe the water quality, and regularly add new water. The fish rearing is suitable for about 6667 square meters (10 acres) of fish ponds, and the density of summer flowers is 4000-5000 tails/667 square meters, artificial feed is fed, and pond feeding and management are strengthened.
2. Commercial fish breeding method:
Commodity fish can be raised either individually or in combination, but the best effect is achieved with high-density monoculture. The pond is suitable for 6667-13333 square meters (10-20 acres) with a water depth of 2 meters. Stocking specifications ranged from 500-700 tails/667 square meters for 50-100 grams of fish species, which was polyculture, accounting for 5%-10% of the total stocking. Feed artificial full-grain granules. The amount of daily feeding is 5% of the fish's body weight. Pay attention to the patrol pond every day, observe the fish's feeding situation, and regularly disinfect and add new water.
3. Breeding
In order to improve the disease resistance of the fish and adapt to the condition of pond water and fertilization in China, a mixed selection method was adopted, that is, the individual with strong disease resistance was selected one by one from the progeny of the group breeding, and the selection intensity was 5%-10%. After 10 years of selective breeding, it has been selected to bred the German mirror borer breeding line suitable for aquaculture in most parts of China. The breeding system has greatly improved the growth and disease resistance of the original species.
Disease and Prevention
German mirror carp from the summer to the adult fish disease continuously, almost every month to carry out a pond disinfection or feeding the bait, from the 1st instar fish to the 3rd instar fish pond breeding rate is only about 60%, but Strong cold resistance. The common fish diseases during pond rearing include Jiujiangtou tsutsugamushi disease, myxosporosis, anchor head lice disease, fish carp disease, red skin disease, echinococcosis and enteritis, and the main onset season is from June to August.
Preventive measures are thorough disinfection of fish ponds before stocking, regular inspection during the breeding process, and regular disinfection. Every two weeks, 1 mg/L bleaching powder or 90% crystal trichlorfon Quanchiposa is sprayed once, and trichomoniasis and enteritis can be fed separately containing trichlorfon and sulfonamide (or furazolidone). Pellet feed. At the same time, the new water shall be timely infused after medication and the feeding and management shall be strengthened.
1. Morphological characteristics: The body is relatively thick, flat, and the back of the head is raised. The head is smaller, the eye is larger, the lower jaw is horseshoe-shaped, and the upper jaw is covered with jaws. The kiss is blunt and flexible. There are 2 pairs of jaws. The pharyngeal teeth are diverse and the number of teeth varies. The pods are short and are arranged in a moderately triangular shape with a number of 19-30. The dorsal fins 17-21, the first hard puncture from the highest position on the back of the body, and the pelvic fin base, the last hard puncture trailing edge is serrated. The anal fin strip 5, the base of the caudal fin at the back, and the last hard thorn also sawtooth. Cell fins 15-17, with rounded ends, ventral fins 8-9, pointed tip, not reaching the anus. Caudal fins, fins 20-24. The scales on the body surface are relatively large and are arranged along the margins. There is a complete scale on the front of the dorsal fin to the head. Each side of the dorsal fin has a row of symmetrical scales on each side. Each fin has a scale at its base, and individual individuals see a small number on the lateral line. Scales. The lateral lines are mostly flat and unbranched, and individual individuals have shorter branches at the lateral ends. The body color varies with the habitat, usually brown on the back and light yellow on the body and abdomen.
2. Living habits: German mirror carp growth temperature is 15 °C -30 °C, the optimum growth temperature is 23 °C -29 °C. Do not like over-fertilized water quality, require dissolved oxygen in water more than 6 oxygen g / l, PH value of 7-8, more cold-resistant, can be safely in the water temperature of 1 °C -3 °C over 150 days of the wintering period. During the rearing period, I like to live in shallow water near the pool. It is easier to catch than ordinary squid.
3. Food: German mirror oysters fish. During the larvae period, zooplankton is used as food, summer flowers (3 cm in length) can be fed artificial diet, and also benthic organisms such as rock worms and aquatic insects in ponds. Feeding high protein feeds can accelerate its growth. When the water temperature was 23°C-29°C, the highest intensity of ingestion and the fastest growth occurred. When the water temperature was higher than this range, the growth rate decreased. When the water temperature was as low as 14°C, the food intake decreased significantly. When the water temperature was 4°C-6°C, the food intake stopped. Its ingestion intensity and growth are closely related to the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. The amount of dissolved oxygen in the water is 7-9 mg/L. It requires a large amount of feed and grows fastest. When the amount of dissolved oxygen drops to 3-6 mg/L, Food intake decreased by 50%, and when dissolved oxygen was 0.5-2 mg/L, it decreased by 75%.
4. Growth: In the year of growth, the fish was used in the adjacent pond with similar pond conditions. From the summer flower to the fish, the growth was compared with that of the wild pheasant and the purplish red purlin. The results were repeated three times. The result was that the German mirror weighed more than the wild pheasant and the purse. Red Lu gained 31.2% and 35.6%.
The growth of the 2nd instar fish was compared with the growth of Tongtang, wild pheasant and red purse, and the results were repeated twice. The test results showed that the weight of German mirror carp was 33.4%-38.6% higher than that of wild leeches and red purse.
In comparison with the growth control of the German mirror carp breeding line and the unselected breeding stock, after repeated experiments for 3 years, the weight of the breeding line with the 2nd instar breeding fish was 9.8% and 11.3% higher than that of the unselected breeding stock. German body length and weight of different age groups are shown in Table 1-24.
Age (age) Body length (mm) Weight (g)
I 75-124 18-75
II 235-288 518-1000
III 289-320 1000-1550
IV 334-365 1605-2050
V 390-450 2340-3200
* Age is based on the number of rings on the spine
Reproductive characteristics
The first sexually mature age in German mirror borers is 4-5 years for females, 3-4 for males, weighs over 1500 grams, and body length is above 250 mm. The 3-5 kilograms of females have 60-90,000 pellets of incubating capacity and about 300,000 eggs laid. The ratio of female to male is 1:1. The gonads matured 1 year and spawned in batches. The reproductive water temperature is above 18°C, and the optimum water temperature is 19°C-22°C. During the spawning period in the northeast from mid-May to the end of June, two methods of natural spawning and artificial spawning can be adopted, but artificial spawning is better, which can make Mature broodstock concentrates on spawning to form large-scale production. Artificial oxytocin should be combined with artificial insemination and de-bonding hatching.
Breeding technology
German mirror carp is suitable for pond breeding, but it can also be raised in cages. The depth of the pond is 1.5-2 meters. Water quality is moderate, no pollution, and new water can be poured at any time. Before stocking, excessive pond fertilizer must be removed. Disinfect with quicklime.
1. Seed breeding:
The summer flower cultivation pond is suitable for 2000-3333 square meters (3-5 mu) ponds, and the fry density is 100,000 fish rearing/667 square meters. Fertilizer is used to cultivate rotifers, cladocerans or artificial hair pond material. After stocking, visit the pond every day and pay attention to observe the water quality, and regularly add new water. The fish rearing is suitable for about 6667 square meters (10 acres) of fish ponds, and the density of summer flowers is 4000-5000 tails/667 square meters, artificial feed is fed, and pond feeding and management are strengthened.
2. Commercial fish breeding method:
Commodity fish can be raised either individually or in combination, but the best effect is achieved with high-density monoculture. The pond is suitable for 6667-13333 square meters (10-20 acres) with a water depth of 2 meters. Stocking specifications ranged from 500-700 tails/667 square meters for 50-100 grams of fish species, which was polyculture, accounting for 5%-10% of the total stocking. Feed artificial full-grain granules. The amount of daily feeding is 5% of the fish's body weight. Pay attention to the patrol pond every day, observe the fish's feeding situation, and regularly disinfect and add new water.
3. Breeding
In order to improve the disease resistance of the fish and adapt to the condition of pond water and fertilization in China, a mixed selection method was adopted, that is, the individual with strong disease resistance was selected one by one from the progeny of the group breeding, and the selection intensity was 5%-10%. After 10 years of selective breeding, it has been selected to bred the German mirror borer breeding line suitable for aquaculture in most parts of China. The breeding system has greatly improved the growth and disease resistance of the original species.
Disease and Prevention
German mirror carp from the summer to the adult fish disease continuously, almost every month to carry out a pond disinfection or feeding the bait, from the 1st instar fish to the 3rd instar fish pond breeding rate is only about 60%, but Strong cold resistance. The common fish diseases during pond rearing include Jiujiangtou tsutsugamushi disease, myxosporosis, anchor head lice disease, fish carp disease, red skin disease, echinococcosis and enteritis, and the main onset season is from June to August.
Preventive measures are thorough disinfection of fish ponds before stocking, regular inspection during the breeding process, and regular disinfection. Every two weeks, 1 mg/L bleaching powder or 90% crystal trichlorfon Quanchiposa is sprayed once, and trichomoniasis and enteritis can be fed separately containing trichlorfon and sulfonamide (or furazolidone). Pellet feed. At the same time, the new water shall be timely infused after medication and the feeding and management shall be strengthened.
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