The common problems in the production of walnuts in the hilly area of ​​Xingtai, Hebei Province are mainly the lack of technology, daily management, plant incompleteness, unclear walnut gardens, poorly closed, "small old trees", low yield, poor economic returns, etc. The enthusiasm of the fruit growers, so the above solutions to the above problems, I hope to help everyone.
1 High standard building
When building a garden, we must have a sense of standardization. The first is to re-apply organic fertilizer. Generally, 10m3 of fermented organic fertilizer per mu is used. The whole garden is turned 40~50cm deep and fertilizes the soil. It is necessary to choose a variety of seedlings that have a pure variety, a well-developed root system, a good healing interface, a stubborn seedling, a full bud, no mechanical damage, and no pests and diseases. Pay attention to the north-south direction when planting, generally it is better to have a row spacing of more than 2 meters, which is good for ventilation and light transmission. When planting, it is necessary to dig a planting ditch with a width of 60 to 80 cm or a pit of 60 to 80 cm square. The roots of the seedlings are placed on the mound, and all are backfilled with topsoil to make the roots close. The planting depth is suitable for the roots and necks of the seedlings to be flush with the ground. The seedlings are filled with water in time, the tree trays cover the mulch, and the seedlings are germinated to spread the leaves after the leaves, promote growth, and prevent pests and diseases. Reasonable intercropping during saplings, intercropping with dwarf crops such as beans and potatoes to avoid intercropping of high-stalk crops such as corn and sorghum.
2 cultivate a good tree structure
In the sapling stage, attention is paid to the combination of summer shear and winter shear, and a good tree structure is cultivated. The good tree structure is: the height of the trunk is 50-80 cm, the site conditions are good, the planting density is high, the main stem is higher; the site conditions are poor, and the sapling period promotes the growth of roots and shoots to prevent the formation of “small old treesâ€; The conditions are good, the sapling period strengthens the summer shear, and promotes the early results, and the fruit crown is pressed to control the crown to expand too fast, so as to avoid the outward movement of the result part and the transfer of the canopy.
3 reasonable load
If you don't pay attention to the reasonable load, it will easily lead to the early-real thin skin walnut water and can't keep up, causing the tree to weaken quickly. The flowering result is more weak, and often the tree is weak and even dead. Therefore, the perennial production of green skin walnuts in the hilly area of ​​Xingtai should be controlled at about 1500 kg, or 250 kg of dried fruit. It can be finely pruned and reasonably loaded to maintain a moderate and robust tree and prolong the life of the tree.
4 Harvest at the right time
One month before the ripening of the walnut is the filling period of the walnut seed kernel. The walnut seed kernel is harvested too early or too late. The harvesting period should be before and after the white dew, that is, the walnut green skin turns from green to yellow, 1/3 green. The front end crack is harvested.
5 Scientific fertilization
Fertilization is caused by a single application of chemical fertilizer, which causes soil compaction, poor root circulation, and easy root disease, resulting in weak tree. Therefore, we must do a good job of "three fertilizers" when fertilizing, the specific contents are as follows:
First, early application of base fertilizer: Fertilization began in September, base fertilizer is mainly applied to farmer's fertilizer, appropriate application of phosphate fertilizer, application of annular ditch when applying fertilizer, and application of acupoints in intercropping. The depth of fertilization is about 40 cm, and the amount of fertilizer is jinjijin;
The second is timely topdressing: before the germination, before the flowering and during the expansion of the young fruit, the method of applying the point is applied to the top dressing, the depth of fertilization is 10-15 cm, the fertilization amount of the young tree is calculated by the age of the tree, 150 grams per plant per year, the big tree Calculated according to the amount of fruit produced, each production of jinjin fruit topdressing 2 ~ 2.5 kg;
Third, reasonable spray fertilizer: master fertilization concentration when fertilizing, urea 0.3% ~ 0.5%, borax 0.3%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%.
6 Integrated pest control
First of all, we must cultivate a strong tree and strengthen the tree's ability to resist pests and diseases. We must know that the tree is weak, and the pests and diseases are more serious. Secondly, we must do a good job in clearing the garden, using pest pathogens in litter, pests and diseases, and trees. The characteristics of the grass are crouched over the winter, taking measures such as trunk stalks, shaving and shaving, whitening, treatment of cutting slashes, spraying, etc., comprehensive prevention and control of gold carp; finally, through chemical pesticide control, rotten fruit disease grasps the young fruit period Medication, insects grasp the egg period, larva hatching period medication.
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